上海中级口译教程第16章汇编.ppt

第十六单元 科普性口译（汉译英） Unit 16 Interpreting Popular Science Speeches Chinese-English Unit 8 Interpreting Popular Science Speeches C-E 16-1：汉语概要 The ABCs of Chinese 16-2：进化本质 The Nature of Biological Evolution 16-3：蚊虫之祸 The Power of the Petty Mosquito 16-4：用筷技艺 The Magic Chopsticks 16-1：汉语概要 The ABCs of Chinese Vocabulary Work 一组数量有限的规则：a finite set of rules; 习得语言：acquire the language; 音系：sound system; 任意性的：arbitrary; 语言操作：linguistic performance; 截然不同：strikingly different; 书写体系：writing system; 错综复杂：intricate; Vocabulary Work 动词变化形式：conjugation for verbs; 名词变格：declension for nouns; 词形变化表：paradigm; 史前：prehistory; 混沌时期：dim uncertainty age; 同宗同源：trace back to the same root; 华夏祖先：the ancestors of the Chinese people ; 神谕圣言：oracular; 单音节：one syllable; 16-1：汉语概要 The ABCs of Chinese 对于那些只熟悉普通欧洲语言的人来说，汉语是一种截然不同的语言。在他们看来，汉字的笔画错综复杂得令人难以置信。 To people who are familiar only with the common European languages, the Chinese is strikingly different. For them, Chinese characters are formed with many strokes that appear incredibly intricate. 建议：不必太过执着于“错综复杂”的翻译，可通过理解句子大意简化为“由许多笔画组成”。 16-1：汉语概要 The ABCs of Chinese 如果我们仔细观察一下汉语的结构，我们便可发现汉语在许多方面较西方语言更为简单。例如，汉语基本上没有什么动词变化形式，也没有名词变格现象。 If we examine the structure of the Chinese language more closely, we find it simpler in many ways than Western languages. For example, the Chinese language has virtually no conjugation for its verbs and declension for its nouns. 建议：注意“动词变化”、“名词变格”等语法术语的积累。 16-1：汉语概要 The ABCs of Chinese 由于上下文常常可以清楚地表明汉语动词的时态和语态，以及名词的数，因而汉语无需依靠这种特别的语法上的重复结构。 Because most of the time it is quite clear from the context what tense or mood is intended for a verb and what number is intended for a noun, the Chinese language does not bother much with this particular type of redundancy in its grammar. 建议：注意中英文在语法及逻辑表达上的差异。 16-1：汉语概要 The ABCs of Chinese 尽管目前我们还无法确定人类的语言是否同宗同源，但是它们都可追溯到朦胧的史前时期。 Although at present we have no way of knowing for sure whether or not human languages can be traced back to the same