劳动经济学ehrenberg_ch02_images.pptVIP

Table 2.4 Unemployment and Long-Term Unemployment, Selected European and North American Countries, 2007 Aggregate Unemployment Rate ( Unemployment Overall Rate) 总失业率指失业人数占劳动力总数的比例。 Continue Aggregate Unemployment Long-term Unemployment Rate 长期失业率指的是持续失业一年或更长时期的失业者的人数，用占失业者总数的百分比来表示。 * Copyright ?2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy, Eleventh Edition Ronald G. Ehrenberg ? Robert S. Smith MODERN LABOR ECONOMICS THEORY AND PUBLIC POLICY CHAPTER Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy, Eleventh Edition Ronald G. Ehrenberg ? Robert S. Smith 11TH EDITION Copyright ?2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Overview of the Labor Market 2 Labor Market Labor market Buyers Sellers Employers Employees Union Workers Non-Union Workers Union Members Non-Union Members Figure 2.1 Labor Force Status of the U.S. Adult Civilian Population, April 2010 (seasonally adjusted) Four Major Flows between Labor Market States 1 Employed workers become unemployed by quitting voluntarily or being laid off 2 Unemployed workers obtain employment by being newly hired or being recalled to a job from Which they were temporarily laid off 3 Those in the labor force, whether employed or unemployed ,can leave The labor force by retiring or otherwise deciding against taking or seeking work for pay (dropping out) 4 Those who have never worked or looked for a job expand the labor Force by entering it ,while those who have dropped out do so by reentering the labor force Table 2.1 Labor Force Participation Rates by Gender, 1950–2010 The State of Labor Market Tight Loose The unemployment rate is around 5% Jobs in general are plentiful Unemployed workers will find other work quickly Two Kinds of State The unemployment rate is 7% or over Workers are abundant Jobs are relatively easy for employers to fill Figure 2.2 Unemployment Rates for the Civilian Labor Force, 1946–2009 (detailed data in table inside front c