两河口长隧道独头掘进压入式施工通风三维数值模拟.docVIP

两河口长隧道独头掘进压入式施工通风三维数值模拟 　　摘要：两河口公路隧道埋深大且无条件修建斜竖井，只能独头掘进3 000余 m，施工通风问题突出。基于CFD理论，对压入式通风气流运动采用三维紊态RNG kε湍流模型进行三维数值模拟，得到了施工期隧道内流场和浓度场随时间在洞内的分布变化规律。研究表明，掌子面附近为回流区，风流结构复杂，回流区以外风流分布逐渐稳定；爆破后的有害气团在隧道内是一个动态“移动”和“扩散”的过程，这个过程中有害气团从爆破掌子面逐渐扩散，并被稀释和排出隧道。同时，在3种工况下，根据CO的进入浓度和允许浓度对工作人员的进洞时间进行了研究。 　　关键词：长隧道；压入式通风；三维数值模拟；进洞时间 　　中图分类号：O319.56 　　文献标志码：A 　　文章编号2014 　　Abstract：There is no suitable condition to build any shaft（vertical or oblique shafts） due to the complex geological environment of Lianghekou. Furthermore， the tunnel has to be constructed blind heading. So the problem of ventilation is serious. Based on the theory of CFD，the wind current produced in forced ventilation is simulated by 3D RNG kε Turbulent Model，and then the Timedependent Variation Rules of the flow field and the concentration field during the construction period are shown by numerical simulation of 3D. Results show that the backflow area which is located near the working face has the complex situation of wind current， and the air current distribution becomes stable gradually when it is far away from the backflow area. Meanwhile， the movement of the harmful air produced after blasting can be described as “moving” and “diffusing”. The result of moving makes the harmful air run out of the tunnel from working face. The result of diffusing makes the harmful air deliquated along with the process of moving. In addition， the time that the workers spend on getting into the tunnel has been studied according to the concentrations of CO （in and allowance concentrations respectively）. 　　Key words：long tunnel；forced ventilation；the 3D numerical simulation；entrance time 　　随着西部大开发进程的加快，出现了很多特长公路隧道。而目前特长隧道施工通风往往仅根据规范和施工人员的经验进行施工通风[1]，效果很差，一旦措施不合理，对施工人员的身体危害很大。在特长公路隧道施工中，由于独头掘进和隧道长度的关系，如果等炮烟和其他有害气体完全从隧道内排放出去，则需要非常长的时间，会大大影响工程进度；如果选择较短时间进入施工，则对施工人员危害很大。因此，解决特长隧道施工通风问题具有重要意义。 　　在公路隧道通风问题的研究中，其他国家开展相关研究较早，特别是瑞士、挪威、日本以及奥地利等国家，对公路隧道通风问题进行了大量研究[24]。但由于全真隧道通风的试验费用非常高，所以在这方面取得的成果有限，大部分研究主要集中在计算机数值模拟领域