关系代词which用法说明.docVIP

关系代词which用法说明 1. 既可引导限制性定语从句，也可用作非限制性定语从句。如： This is the photo that I took. 这就是我拍的照片。 The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。 2. which引导定语从句时，它在从句中主要用作主语或宾语，但有时也可用作定语，在意义上大致相当于this或that。如： We told him to consult the doctor, which advice he took. 我们叫他去看医生，他听取了我们的劝告。 He is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today. 他学经济学，这种知识现今很重要。 注意，它与用作定语的关系代词whose用法不同——whose引导定语从句时，它在意义上大致相当于one’s。如： Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。 3. 关系代词which原则上只指物，不指人；指人要用who。但是，有时指的不是具体的某人，而是指人的属性（如职业、身份、地位、职务、品质、特征等），则要用which 而不用who。如： He talked like a scholar, which he was not. 他说起话来像个学者，其实他没什么学问。 She talked like a native, which she hardly was. 她说起话来像是个本地人，其实她不见得是。 They accused him of being a traitor, which he was. 他们指控他是叛徒，他真是叛徒。 4. 注意不要一看到句前有逗号，就以为一定要用which来引导非限制性定语从句。如以下几句逗号后的that均不能换成which（原因是逗号前的句子为状语从句）： If a book is in English, that means slow progress for you. 如果一本书是用英语写的，那就意味着你要读慢些。 If he’s only interested in your looks, that just shows how shallow he is. 如果他只对你的相貌感兴趣，那就说明他相当浅薄。 When I say two hours, that includes time for eating. 我说两小时，那是包括了吃饭的时间。 5. 比较下面两句，第一句用了连词but，其后用them；第二句没用连词but，其后用which： She wrote a lot of novels, but none of them were popular. She wrote a lot of novels, none of which were popular. 她写过许多本小说，但没有一本是受欢迎的。 6. 有时可以见到“介词+关系代词+不定式”这样的结构（可视为一种紧缩的定语从句）。比较： She must have time in which to grow calm. She must have time in which she can grow calm. 她必须有冷静下来时的时间。 She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother. She had some money in the bank, with which she could help her mother. 她银行里有些钱用来帮助她的母亲。 值得指出的是，这类结构中的介词不能没有，并且该介词也不能位于不定式后面，比较： There the children had a garden in which to play.（很正式） There the children had a garden in which they could play.（较正式） There the children had a garden to play in.（较口语化）在那儿孩子们有个可以玩耍的花园。 但是不能说：There the children had a garden which to play in. 7. 有时可见到由which引导的非限制性定语从句单独成句。如： Mary is enormously respected. Which