英语动词时态语态典型错误例析2011722.docVIP

英语动词时态、语态典型错误例析 在初中英语学习阶段，动词的时态和语态是非常重要的语法项目，并且也是经常出现问题的关键所在，现将使用英语动词的时态和语态这两个语法项目过程中经常出现的典型错误列举如下： 　　1. 对不起，我没看见张先生在这儿。 　　[误] Sorry, I dont see Mr Zhang here. 　　[正] Sorry, I didnt see Mr Zhang here. 　　[析] 根据语境，本句是指刚才没看见对方在这，而不是现在没看见对方在这，所以要用一般过去时。 　　2. 你能告诉我北京冬天是否下雪吗？ 　　[误] Could you tell me if it snowed in winter in Beijing [正] Could you tell me if it snows in winter in Beijing [析] 一般现在时除表示经常性的动作外，还可表示习惯性的动作，即现阶段的一个事实，句中不需要任何经常性的时间状语配合。could表示一种客气的语气，不表示过去时态。 　　3. 他说他第二天要去合肥出差。 　　[误] He said he will go to Hefei on business the next day. 　　[正] He said he would go to Hefei on business the next day. 　　[析] 主句谓语动词为过去时，宾语从句表示过去的将来要发生的动作，要用过去将来时。 　　4. 我忘了把你的伞带来了。 　　[误] I forget to bring your umbrella with me. 　　[正] I forgot to bring your umbrella with me. 　　[析] 不用forget，而用forgot，因为现在已经记起来了，forgot是说话这一时刻之前的动作。由于受汉语思维习惯的影响，动词时态观念不强，误把一般现在时当作一般过去时。 　　5. 他父亲离开祖国已经50年了。 　　[误] His father has left his homeland for fifty years. 　　[正] His father has been away from his homeland for fifty years. 　　[析] 短暂性动词的完成时 肯定式 不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，要么改为表示状态的动词，要么用下列句式来表达 以此句为例 ： 　　His father left his homeland fifty years ago. 　　It is fifty years since his father left his homeland. 　　It has been fifty years since his father left his homeland. 　　Fifty years have passed since his father left his homeland. 　　6. 你去过北京吗？是的，我去过。 　　[误] Have you gone to Beijing?Yes, I have gone there. 　　[正] Have you been to Beijing?Yes, I have been there. 　　[析] Have you gone to Beijing?是你已经到北京了吗？，指目前人已在北京或在赴北京的途中。说话的时候，显然你已不在北京了，所以说用在这儿不恰当。表示过去曾去过某处而现在又回来了须用have been。 　　7. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去参观美术展览。 　　[误] We shall see an exhibition of pain- 　　tings if it wont rain tomorrow. 　　[正] We shall see an exhibition of pain- 　　tings if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 　　[析] 在时间状语从句中，从句要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 　　8. 在过去几年中，我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。 　　[误] There were great changes in our home-town in the past few years. 　　[正] There have been great changes in our hometown in the past few years. 　　[析] In / During the past / last + 复数名词是完成时态的标志之一，不要被past / last所迷惑，而用了过去时。 　　9.