1.Basicbuildingmaterialsincludetimber,mud,stone,marble,.docVIP

1.Basic building materials include: timber, mud, stone, marble, brick, tile, steel, and cement concrete. Masonry walls are built with stones or bricks, cohered through the use of mortar, first composed of lime and sand. The profusion of aluminum and its anodized coatings provided cladding material that was lightweight and virtually maintenance free. Glass was known in prehistory and is celebrated for its contributions to Gothic architecture. timber [??????] n. 木材 marble [??????] n. 大理石 tile [????] n. 饰面砖，瓷砖 cement concrete [???????] [?????????]n. 水泥混凝土 masonry wall [?????????] [????]n. 砖墙，砖瓦墙 cohere [???????] v. 粘合 mortar [??????] n. 砂浆，灰浆 lime [????] n. 石灰 profusion [???????????] n. 大量(a profusion of: 大量的) aluminum [??????????] n. 铝 anodized coating [????????] [???????]n. 电镀层，电镀膜(anodize v.阳极氧化: 用电解方式给(金属面)镀上一层保护性或装饰性的氧化物) cladding [???????] n. 覆层：在高温高压下结合到另一金属上的金属外层 celebrated [????????????] adj. 著名的 Gothic [??????] adj. 哥特式的 architecture [???????????] n. 建筑, 建筑学 Two basic approaches of spanning over masonry walls are post-and-lintel construction and arch, vault, and dome construction. span [????] v. (桥,拱等)横跨 post-and-lintel [?????] [???] [??????] n. 抬梁式(在立柱上架梁，梁上又抬梁, 在宫殿、庙宇、寺院等大型建筑中普遍采用)，框架(结构) arch [????] n. 拱(连柱的) vault [?????] n. 拱(不连柱的) dome [????] n. 穹隆(结构)：类似于穹隆或圆屋顶的结构 The Chicago architect Louis Sullivan’s career converges with the so-called Chicago School of architects, whose challenge was to invent the skyscraper or high-rise building, facilitated by the introduction of the electric elevator and the abundance of steel. The building’s skeleton could be erected quickly and the remaining components hung on it to complete it, an immense advantage for high-rise buildings on busy city streets. architect [?????????] n. 建筑师 converge [?????????] v. 聚合于，集中于一点 school [?????] n. 学派 skyscraper [????????????] n. 摩天大楼 facilitate [???????????] v. 提供便利 electric elevator [?????????] [????????]n. 电梯 abundance [?????????] n. 充裕 skeleton [?????????] n. 框架结构，整体框架 erect [?????