环境地学翻译重点.docVIP

ABSTRACT Proposed expansion of extractive lime-rock mines near the Miami–Dade County Northwest well field and Everglades wetland areas has garnered intense scrutiny by government, public, environmental stakeholders,and the media because of concern that mining will increase the risk of pathogen contamination. 由于担心采矿工作会增加当地受病原体污染的危险，扩张对迈阿密戴德县西北矿井地区以及佛罗里达大沼泽地地区的石灰岩矿山萃取工艺的提议已经受到了政府，公众，环境利益攸关者以及媒体的密切关注。 Rock mines are excavated to the same depth as the well field’s primary producing zone. 与矿井区开采石灰岩矿山的主要生产区域挖掘的深度一致。 The underlying karst Biscayne aquifer is a triple-porosity system characterized by 1 a matrix of interparticle porosity and separate vug porosity; 2 touching-vug porosity that forms preferred, stratiform passageways; and, less commonly, 3 conduit porosity formed by thin solution pipes, bedding-plane vugs, and cavernous vugs. 卡斯特地貌的底层比斯坎含水层 1 有基质粒间的和单独的溶洞 Existing ground-water flow and particle tracking models do not provide adequate information regarding the ability of the aquifer to limit the advective movement of pathogens and other contaminants. 现有的地下水流动和粒子跟踪模型提供含水层能限制病原体和其他污染物对流运动。Chemical transport and colloidal mobility properties have been delineated using conservative and microsphere-surrogate tracers for Cryptosporidium parvum. 化学运输和胶体流动性能一直保守示踪剂。 Forced-gradient tests were executed by introducing conservative tracers into injection wells located 100 m 328 ft from a municipal-supply well.测试保守示踪剂引入注入井100米 328英尺 的。Apparent mean advective velocity between the wells is one to two orders of magnitude greater than previously measured. Touching-vug, stratiform flow zones are efficient pathways for tracer movement at the well field. 各井之间的表观平均对流速度大于预先测量一到两个数量。 ，层状流区是在井场示踪有效途径。 The effective porosity for a continuum model between the point of injection and tracer recovery ranges from 2 to 4 percent and is an order of magnitude smaller than previously assumed. 注入和示踪复苏连续介质模型的有效孔隙度范围2到4%,比此前的要小一个数量级。 Existing well-field protection zones were establ