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[英国文学]? Chapter1??The?Renaissance?period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴??1.Humanism?is?the?essence?of?the?Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。? 2.the?Greek?and?Roman?civilization?was?based?on?such?a?conception?that?man?is?the?measure?of?all?things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。? 3.Renaissance?humanists?found?in?then?classics?a?justification?to?exalt?human?nature?and?came?to?see?that?human?beings?were?glorious?creatures?capable?of?individual?development?in?the?direction?of?perfection,?and?that?the?world?they?inhabited?was?theirs?not?to?despise?but?to?question,?explore,?and?enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。? 4.Thomas?More,?Christopher?Marlowe?and?William?Shakespeare?are?the?best?representatives?of?the?English?humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。?5.Wyatt?introduced?the?Petrarchan?sonnet?into?England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。? 6.The?first?period?of?the?English?Renaissance?was?one?of?imitation?and?assimilation.英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。? 7.The?goals?of?humanistic?poetry?are:?skillful?handling?of?conventions,?force?of?language,?and,?above?all,?the?development?of?a?rhetorical?plan?in?which?meter,?rhyme,?scheme,?imagery?and?argument?should?all?be?combined?to?frame?the?emotional?theme?and?throw?it?into?high?relief.人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。? 8.The?most?famous?dramatists?in?the?Renaissance?England?are?Christopher?Marlowe,?William?Shakespeare,?and?Ben?Jonson.文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫.马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。? 9.Francis?Bacon?(1561-1626),?the?first?important?English?essayist.费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重要的散文家。? (I)Edmund?Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞?10.?the?theme?of?Redcrosse?is?not“Arms?and?the?man,”but?something?more?romantic-“Fierce?wars?and?faithful?loves.”《仙后》的主题并非“男人与武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩的“残酷战争与忠贞爱情”。? 11.?It?is?Spenser’s?idealism,?his?love?of?beauty,?and?his?exquisite?melody?that?make?him?known?as“the?poets ‘poet.”正是斯宾塞的理想主义，对美的热爱以及精美优雅的诗文韵律是他成为“诗人中的诗人”。? (II)Christopher?Marlowe克利斯朵夫.马洛? 12.?As?the?most?gi