Atmospheric Chemistry .ppt

Chapter 5:Gaseous Phase Re*actions Basic photochemical cycle Chemistry of nitrogen compounds Chemistry of NMHC Budgets of radicals and H2O2 Ozone budget Ozone sensitivity Chemistry of sulfur compounds 對流層基本上是一個氧化的環境，會使物種趨向一個氧化態。 HC→醛→酸→CO2 H2S,CH3SCH3→SO2→H2SO4 NO→NO2→HNO3 在對流層中氣相的化學反應，包含在有陽光的情況下，有機分子和NOx的氧化作用。而這些氧化作用經由一連串自由基離子的連鎖反應所造成的。而因為有有機分子的參與，使得這些連鎖反應相當的複雜。 而臭氧可視為對流層中最主要的化學產物，在大氣中唯一的形成反應是〝O+O2+M→O3+M〞，而其中O的來源並非為O2光解而來(290nm)，其主要來自於NO2的提供。 Basic Photochemical Cycle of NO2，NO，O3 Atmospheric Nitrogen Chemistry Diurnal Variations of Nitrate, HNO3, and NO2 Chemistry of NMHC Reactions of CO and CH4 Reactions of HCHO Reactions of Alkane Reactions of Alkene Reactions of Aromatics Atmospheric Chemistry of Carbon Monoxide and NOx Atmospheric Chemistry of Formaldehyde and NOx Methane Oxidation Chemical processes for organic compounds Alkanes Alkenes Radicals OH (hydroxyl radical) NO3 (nitrate radical) H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) The Hydroxyl Radical, OH? The Nitrate Radical, NO3 Hydrogen Peroxide Diurnal Variations of H2O2 Concentrations Ozone Budget Sources of Ozone Sinks of Ozone Ozone Budget of the troposphere Summary of Organic/NOx Chemistry Behavior of the Generalized Mechanism Effort of Temperature on Ozone Formation in Urban and Rural Environments Relative Roles of VOC and NOx in Ozone Formation Importance of the VOC/NOx Ratio 光化指標的原理, Ozone Sensivity 特徵比值之恕限值 特徵比值之恕限值 Ozone Isopleth Plot (EMKA) Relation of [O3] to [NOy] Origin and Behavior of the Radical Pool in Photochemical Ozone Formation Organic Reactivity with respect to Ozone Formation OH Reactivity Top 35 VOCs Measured at Georgia Tech Campus, Atlanta, 1100-1400, 7/13/81-8/03/81(dataset I.A1) Incremental Reactivity Sulfur Oxides Reduced Sulfur(DMS) O3的sources： a. 由平流層的傳輸, Ozone layer intrusion b. 其他地區對流層, horizontal and vertical transport c. 當地光化學反應的產生, in-situ photochemical reaction O3的sinks： a. 光化學的破壞, photochemical reactions and phot