Effect of Temperature on Solubility .pptVIP

Effect of Temperature on Solubility Solubility vs. Temperature Gas Solubility Solubility Solubility Rules Solubility of Common Compounds Temperature-Solubility Relationships* * Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 297 KI NaNO3 KNO3 Na3PO4 NaCl Temperature oC Solubility g solute / 100 g H2O 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 CH4 O2 CO He Temperature oC Solubility mM 2.0 1.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Higher Temperature …Gas is LESS Soluble Most nitrate NO31- salts are soluble. Most salts of Na+, K+, and NH4+ are soluble. Most chloride salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are AgCl, PbCl2, and Hg2Cl2. Most sulfate salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are BaSO4, PbSO4, and CaSO4. Most hydroxide compounds are only slightly soluble.* The important exceptions are NaOH and KOH, Ba OH 2 and Ca OH 2 are only moderately soluble. Most sulfide S2- , carbonate CO32- , and phos- phate PO43- salts are only slightly soluble. *The terms insoluble and slightly soluble really mean the same thing. Such a tiny amount dissolves that it is not possible to detect it with the naked eye. General Rules for Solubility of Ionic Compounds Salts in Water at 25 oC Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 218 NO3- salts Na+, K+, NH4+ salts Soluble compounds Cl-, Br-, I- salts S2-, CO32-, PO43- salts OH1- salts SO42- salts Except for those containing Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+ Except for those containing Ba2+, Pb2+, Ca2+ Insoluble compounds Except for those containing Na+, K+, Ca2+ Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 218 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 160 150 140 130 120 110 190 180 170 Solubility in grams per 100 g of water Temperature oC *Values on this graph are valid only when some undissolved solid is in contact with the solution. For SO2 values are valid when pressure due to SO2 and water vapor is 101.325 kPa. NaNO3 LiCl Li2SO4 NH4Cl NaCl CsCl RbCl SO2 KCl NaC2H3O2 Objectives: