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Part 3, Evolution of the Genus Homo Development of Early Human
Lecture 2-1 The Beginnings of Human Culture Lecture Outline When, Where, and How Did the Genus Homo Develop? When Did Reorganization and Expansion of the Human Brain Begin? Why Is the Relationship Between Biological Change and Cultural Change in Early Homo? Development of Human Culture Some populations of early hominines began making stone tools to butcher animals for their meat. The earliest stone tools and evidence of significant meat eating date to about 2.6 m.y.a. Reorganization And Expansion Of The Human Brain Began at least 1.5 million years after the development of bipedal locomotion. Began in conjunction with scavenging and the making of stone tools. Marks the appearance of the genus Homo, an evolutionary offshoot of Australopithecus. Reorganization And Expansion Of The Human Brain Australopithecus relied on a vegetarian diet while developing a massive chewing apparatus. Homo ate more meat and became brainier. Early Representatives of the Genus Homo Since 1960 a number of fossils have been found in East Africa, and in South Africa, which have been attributed to Homo habilis. From the neck down, the skeleton of Homo habilis differs little from Australopithecus. Skull shows a significant increase in brain size and some reorganization of its structure. Hand bones Comparison of Partial Foot Skelton Homo habilis center compared with a chimpanzee left and modern human right . Homo habilis and Other Early Hominins Tool Use Lower Paleolithic artifacts from Olduvai Gorge, Lake Turkana, and sites in Ethiopia required skill and knowledge for their manufacture. The oldest Lower Paleolithic tools found at Olduvai are in the Oldowan tool tradition. Oldowan choppers and flakes made the regular addition of meat to the diet possible. Brain Structure and Tool Use Tool making favored the development of a more complex brain: Requires a vision of the tool to be made. Ability to recognize the kind of stone that can be worked. Requires steps to transform the raw material i
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