The Development of Environmental Salvage and Review of the.pptVIP

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2017-10-02 发布于重庆
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The Development of Environmental Salvage and Review of the.ppt

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The Development of Environmental Salvage and Review of the

* The Development of Environmental Salvageand Review of the Salvage Convention 1989 Archie Bishop Holman Fenwick Willan MSC Napoli 1.9.1021.8.06 * Amoco Cadiz 1.9.1021.8.06 * Salvage Convention 1989 * Article 13.1 (b) “the skill and efforts of the salvors in preventing or minimising damage to the environment” * Article 14.1 ‘If the salvor has carried out salvage operations in respect of a vessel which by itself or its cargo has threatened damage to the environment and has failed to earn a reward under Article 13 at least equivalent to the special compensation assessable in accordance with this article, he shall be entitled to special compensation from the owner of that vessel equivalent to his expenses herein defined’ * Definition of Damage to the Environment Art. 1(d) 1.9.10 * Article 14.2 ‘If, in the circumstances set out in paragraph 1, the salvor by his salvage operations has prevented or minimised damage to the environment, the special compensation payable by the owner to the salvor under paragraph 1, may be increased up to a maximum of 30% of the expenses incurred by the salvor. However, the tribunal, if it deems it fair and just to do so and bearing in mind the criteria set out in Article 13.1, may increase such special compensation further, but in no event shall the total increase be more than 100% of the expenses incurred by the salvor’ * Article 14.3 Salvor’s expenses for the purpose of paragraphs 1 and 2 means out of pocket expenses reasonably incurred in the salvage operation and a fair rate for equipment and personnel actually and reasonably used in the salvage operation, taking into consideration article 13 paragraph 1(h), (i), and (j) * Article 14.4 The total compensation under this article shall be paid only if and to the extent that such compensation is greater than any reward recoverable by the salvor under article 13 * Problems with Special Compensation Security for SC not always given Interpretation of ‘Threat to the Environment’