高二英语必修五语法知识点：过去分词做定语表语.doc

Step Ⅲ Grammar Explain the usage of the past participles as predicative and attribute. 1. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。用作表语的过去分词大多来自及物动词；不及物动词的过去分词能作表语的只限于少数表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, assemble等，它们用在连系动词之后，表示完成意义，无被动意义。例如： The man looked quite disappointed. He is greatly discouraged by her refusal. His hair is nearly all gone. 已经形容词化了的过去分词大多可作表语，常见的有accomplished, amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, complicated, confused, crowded, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, drunk, excited, frightened, hurt, interested, lost, satisfied, surprised, worried等。 2. 过去分词作定语 a）用作前置定语的过去分词通常来自及物动词，带有被动意义和完成意义。例如： We like skating in the frozen lake in the winter. =We like skating in the lake which has been frozen in the winter. How many finished products have you got up to now? =How many products that have been finished have you got up to now? 来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置定语，能作这样用的仅限以下几个词，这时仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义。例如： a retired worker=a worker who has retired an escaped prisoner=a prisoner who has escaped a faded / withered flower=a flower that has faded / withered fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen the risen sun=the sun that has just risenw!w!w.!x!k!b!1.com a returned student=a student who has returned vanished treasure=treasure that has vanished b) 用作后置定语的过去分词通常也来自及物动词，表示被动意义和完成意义。这时过去分词相当于一个定语从句。例如： Things seen are better than things heard. =Things which are seen are better than things which are heard. The lobster broiled over charcoal was delicious. =The lobster which was broiled over charcoal was delicious. Practice: 将下列句子译成英语。 1. 他看上去又累又沮丧. 2. 我们一得到补充资金,就继续我们的实验。 3. 我们可以看到被阳光照亮的月球的一部分. 4. 经过一个激动和无眠的夜晚之后，第二天我强迫自己在海滨走了很久. 5. 早在1649年,俄亥俄州就决定在每一个城镇建立免费的、由税收支持的学校。 6. 彼得对这一切似乎很惊奇。 Sample answers: 1. He looked tired and depressed. 2. We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. 3. We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. 4. After a night spent in excitement and sleepless-ness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day. 5. As early