李宁毕设论文摘要.docVIP

利用DEM实现星载SAR影像几何精校正 摘 要 合成孔径雷达（SAR）是一种全天候，全天时主动成像雷达，它有效解决了雷达设计中高分辨率要求与大天线、短波长之间的矛盾，使分辨率得到大幅度提高，可获取更加精确的地面信息，在各个领域都有广阔的应用前景。由于侧视成像的本质和地形起伏，在合成孔径雷达（SAR）影像上会出现由于透视收缩、叠掩以及阴影所产生几何畸变。从而使得SAR影像的几何校正成为阻碍其应用的瓶颈问题。 星载SAR影像的几何精校正旨在纠正原始SAR影像上存在的各种几何变形，提高点位精度。目前所采用的几何精校正的方法各有其优点和局限性。本文介绍了一种在地理定位所得结果的基础上利用数字高程模型 DEM 和SAR的实际构像模型进行几何精校正的方法。该方法利用DEM数据提供的地面目标的高程值h,根据SAR的成像几何，建立精确的地面目标位置矢量，通过距离-多普勒方程解算出斜距偏移量，进而计算出对应在影像平面坐标系中的距离向和方位向的偏移量，进行位置校正和灰度值纠正，最终得到符合实际地形情况的网格像素灰度地图。方法的思路简单直观且能充分利用已知信息，对误差的分析比较准确。 最后，在MATLAB环境下，用该方法对厦门市的SAR图像进行了几何校正，得到了较好的结果。 关键词：合成孔径雷达影像，几何精校正，数字高程模型，MATLAB The Correction of Terrain Induced Distortion of SAR Images using DEM Data Author : Li Ning Tutor : Ma Hongbing Abstract Synthetic Aperture Radar SAR is a kind of whole day all weather active imaging radar instrument, which have successfully solved the contradiction of big antenna and short wavelength in radar design, hence greatly increased the resolution of the radar images. So more accurate ground information can be obtained from the SAR images. It is obvious that the applied foreground of SAR is very vast almost in every field. But the significant difficulty for the image interpretation lies in geolocation. Because of the side or slant looking geometry, the geometric distortion will avoidably occur in the sloping and faceted surfaces induced by foreshortening, layover and shadowing. Thus the difficulties in geometric rectification of SAR images have hampered their applicability. The accurate correction step is often applied to the SAR images to eliminate the geometric distortion. Currently available terrain correction algorithms, which have their own advantages, however, are not satisfying. In this paper, a terrain correction algorithm based on the product of geolocation is introduced. In this method, the SAR scanning configuration model and the Digital Elevation Model of the interested area is necessary. The first step of the method is to calculate the more precise position vector of the targe