农牧交错区用地格局变化分析.docVIP

农牧交错区用地格局变化分析 　　摘要：以吉林西部为例，基于遥感与GIS技术，应用转移矩阵分析用地数量格局变化，应用景观指数分析用地空间格局变化。结果表明，2000-2007年吉林西部耕地面积增加，林、草地面积减少，用地格局单一化发展；湿地退化，水域萎缩，水资源减少加剧了盐碱化发展；盐碱地数量得到控制，盐碱化程度加重，治理难度增大。结合统计数据分析，吉林西部用地格局变化受自然因素的胁迫，人为因素的干扰加速了生态环境恶化，调整土地利用结构、因地制宜配置土地资源是改善区域生态环境的惟一途径。 　　关键词：农牧交错区；用地格局；转移矩阵；景观指数；遥感与GIS；吉林西部 　　中图分类号：F301.24 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2013）12-2763-04 　　Analysis on Land Use Pattern Changes in Agro-Pastoral Ecotone 　　ZANG Li-juan1，WANG Feng-yan1，REN Jian-chao2 　　（1.College of Geoexploration Science and Technology，Jilin University，Changchun 130026，China； 　　2.Jilin Province Department of Land and Resources，Changchun 130026，China） 　　Abstract： Based on the RS and GIS technologies， the quantity pattern changes and spatial pattern changes of land use in western Jilin were analyzed using transfer matrix and landscape indexs respectively. The results showed that from 2000 to 2007， the agricultural land in western Jilin increased， while the forest and grass land decreased， the land use pattern showed a single development. The wetland degenerating， lake waters atrophying， and water resource decreasing aggravated the salinization development. Although the quantity of saline-alkali soil was controlled， the degree of salinization became serious， thus the improving was difficult. The changes of land use in western Jilin province were stressed by natural factors and the disturbances of human factors made a quick environmental degeneration. So the adjustment of land use structure and being adapt to land resources was the only way to improve the regional entironment. 　　Key words： agro-pastoral ecotone； land use pattern； transfer matrix； landscape indexs； RS and GIS； Western Jilin province 　　农牧交错区属于典型生态脆弱区，处在森林-草原-荒漠的“生态应力带”上，植被起源、土壤组成具有过渡性，内部结构不稳定；降水少，变化大，风多且大，外部环境脆弱；人类不合理的土地利用成为生态环境恶化的导火索[1-3]。吉林西部是农牧交错区，生态环境恶化，土地盐碱化、沙化、土壤退化严重，生产力低下，威胁着区域可持续发展。《全国土地利用总体规划纲要（2006-2020年）》明确指出：土地生态保护和建设要取得积极成效，退耕还林还草成果得到进一步巩固，土地荒漠化和“三化”草地治理取得明显进展[4]。面对新一轮土地利用规划，吉林西部是土地利用调整的重点区域，迫切需要开展全面系统的土地利用研究，为区域生态恢