11第11章转座子和逆转座子分析.ppt

Duplication of a short sequence of DNA at the insertion site * The IS elements are normal constituents of bacterial chromosomes and plasmids. * Formation of a conjugative R plasmid by recombination between IS elements * (Resistance transfer factore,RTF) 细菌耐药性 2. 复合转座子 Composite Transposons Composite transposons contain a variety of genes that reside between two nearly identical IS elements . Composite transposon is designated by Tn, followed by a number. * 四环素 * 氯霉素 四环素 卡拉霉素 一些复合转座子两端的IS序列完全相同的，如Tn9和Tn903。 In some cases, IS modules are identical, such as Tn9 (direct repeats of IS1) or Tn903 (inverted repeats of IS903). 另外一些转座子中，IS非常相似但不完全相同，因而用R和L表示。 In other cases, the modules are closely related, but not identical. So we can distinguish the L and R modules in Tn10 or in Tn5. 复合转座子特点： A schematic map of a plasmid carrying simple and composite transposon-resistance genes. * IS序列既可以自我转座又可以和复合转座子共同转座。 A functional IS module can transpose either itself or the entire transposon. 当IS序列完全相同时，两者均可独立进行转座。 When the two IS modules are identical, either module can sponsor the transposition. 当IS序列不完全相同时，两者之一引发转座，L。 When the modules are different, transposition can depend on one of the modules 3. 非复合型转座子Noncomposite transposons * 转座酶 抑制酶 氨苄青霉 素抗性 反向重 复序列 * 共整合体 第二节 真核生物的转座因子Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes DNA 转座子 (cut and paste transposons) Ac and Ds elements in maize P elements in Drosophila 反转座子 （Retrotransposons） * 1.玉米的Ac-Ds 转座系统 （The Ac-Ds system in maize） Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) 1940s ~ 1950s 1983 Nobel Prize * * Movie 玉米中转座因子效应 * ？ * 其它植物中的转座因子 Transposable element in other plants peas snapdragons * SBE 直链 支链 杂交劣育（Hybrid dysgenesis）: a condition causing sterility, elevated mutation rate, and a chromosome rearrangement in the offspring of crosses between certain strains of fruit flies. * 2. 果蝇的P因子 P element transposons in Drosophilia * * 反向重 复序列 体细胞 生殖细胞 终止密码子 阻遏蛋白 转座酶 66KD的转座阻遏蛋白是造成现象差异的主要原因。（The 66KD repressor pro