一切为了60分解剖.docVIP

一切为了60分的解剖 Introduction ①anatomical position ②nine system Integumentary Locomotor Alimentary(Digestive) Respiratory Urinary Reproductive Endocrine Circulatory(Cardiovascular + Lymphatic) Nervous ③three planes sagittal coronal transverse ④pairs of terms superior – inferior anterior – posterior medial – lateral proximal – distal superficial – deep external – internal intermediate Locomotor ①compose bones(206) joints muscles ②bone shape and classification long short flat irregular ③formation Trunk: vertebrae sternum ribs Upper limb: shoulder girdle – clavicle, scapula bones of free upper limb – humerus, radius, ulna, carpal, metacarpal, phalanges Lower limb: pelvic girdle – 2 hip bones bones of free lower limb: femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal, metatarsal, phalanges ④joints – diarthrosis Basic structure: articular surface/capsule/cavity Accessory structure: ligament articular disk/labrum synovial fold bursa ⑤vertebral column Forward: cervical/lumbar curve Backward: thoracic/pelvic curve ⑥most movable: shoulder largest and most complicated: knee ⑦cerebral cranium 1 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 occipital, 1 sphenoid, 1 ethmoid ⑧muscular classification long short broad orbicular ⑨how to name muscle shape size location action direction of fibers number of attachment Alimentary ①summary canal gland function: ingest the food, break it into small molecules, absorb these nutrient molecules, eliminate non-digestible wastes ②canal and gland palate teeth(deciduous: 20, permanent: 28-32) tongue salivary glands pharynx(naso-, oro-, laryngol-) esophagus(15, 25, 40) stomach small intestine large intestine liver(produce bile) gallbladder(store bile) and biliary glands pancreas(exocrine pancreatic enzymes) ③stomach 2 orifices: cardiac, pyloric 4 parts: cardiac, pyloric(antrum + canal), body, fundus 2 curvatures: greater, lesser 1 incisure: angular ④small intestine duodenum jejunum ileum ⑤large intestine vermiform appendix cec