苹果编程语言Sift中文教程.docVIP

苹果编程语言Swift中文教程：Swift简介 本文来自于：/news/2014/0603/353933.shtml 这篇文章简要介绍了苹果于WWDC 2014发布的编程语言——Swift。 Swift是什么？ Swift是苹果于WWDC 2014发布的编程语言，这里引用The Swift Programming Language的原话： “”” Swift is a new programming language for iOS and OS X apps that builds on the best of C and Objective-C, without the constraints of C compatibility. Swift adopts safe programming patterns and adds modern features to make programming easier, more flexible and more fun. Swift’s clean slate, backed by the mature and much-loved Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks, is an opportunity to imagine how software development works. Swift is the first industrial-quality systems programming language that is as expressive and enjoyable as a scripting language. 简单的说： “”” Swift用来写iOS和OS X程序。（估计也不会支持其它屌丝系统） Swift吸取了C和Objective-C的优点，且更加强大易用。 Swift可以使用现有的Cocoa和Cocoa Touch框架。 Swift兼具编译语言的高性能（Performance）和脚本语言的交互性（Interactive）。 Swift语言概览 基本概念 注：这一节的代码源自The Swift Programming Language中的A Swift Tour。 Hello, world 类似于脚本语言，下面的代码即是一个完整的Swift程序。 “”” println(Hello, world) 变量与常量 Swift使用var声明变量，let声明常量。 “”” var myVariable = 42 myVariable = 50 let myConstant = 42 类型推导 Swift支持类型推导（Type Inference），所以上面的代码不需指定类型，如果需要指定类型： “”” let explicitDouble : Double = 70 Swift不支持隐式类型转换（Implicitly casting），所以下面的代码需要显式类型转换（Explicitly casting）： “”” let label = The width is let width = 94 let width = label + String(width) 字符串格式化 Swift使用\(item)的形式进行字符串格式化： “”” let apples = 3 let oranges = 5 let appleSummary = I have \(apples) apples. let appleSummary = I have \(apples + oranges) pieces of fruit. 数组和字典 Swift使用[]操作符声明数组（array）和字典（dictionary）： “”” var shoppingList = [catfish, water, tulips, blue paint] shoppingList[1] = bottle of water var occupations = [ Malcolm: Captain, Kaylee: Mechanic, ] occupations[Jayne] = Public Relations 一般使用初始化器（initializer）语法创建空数组和空字典： “”” let emptyArray = String[]() let emptyDictionary = DictionaryString, Float() 如果类型信息已知，则可以使用[]声明空数组，使用[:]声明空字典。 控制流 概览 Swift的条件语句包含if和switch，