钻机井架工况检技术研究-毕业论文.doc

钻机井架工况检测技术研究 摘 要：石油钻机主要用于钻油、气井、破碎岩石、取出岩屑、保护井壁、固井和完井、形成油流通道等多种钻井作业。井架作为钻机的重要部件之一，在长期的使用过程中，由于拆卸、安装和运输等导致的各种缺陷以及超载和腐蚀等因素的影响，使得在用钻机井架的内部结构产生了不良变化，从而降低了钻机井架原设计的承载能力，加之其钢结构杆件多、承受交变载荷，工作环境恶劣，因强度不够、疲劳、失稳而破坏的情况在实际工作中多有发生。随着国内外钻机类型的不断扩充和生产规模的不断扩大，为保证其安全生产，对钻机井架不同工况的力学性能和有限元分析越来越重要，已成一种研发趋势。 本课题以在役ZJ20型石油钻机为主要研究对象，针对ZJ20井架的静力学和动力学力学特性进行了深入研究。通过对整个井架在不同工况载荷的研究和分析，依靠经典的材料力学、弹性力学、结构力学有关理论，对井架的结构作大量简化，利用ANSYS分析软件建立起井架的数字化模型并进行分析，计算井架在工作过程中的应力、应变状态及位移大小，对井架进行静态载荷分析，得出井架在最大静钩载、无风载；正常吊重，有风载；最大静钩载、有风载；全风载，四种工况下井架主要位移变形、井架的应力分布。并对在役井架实际所承受因时间变化的突发动载荷进行瞬态动力学分析。最后针对井架稳定性分析，验证井架稳定性。 关键词：ZJ20钻机井架；建模；有限元分析；静力分析；动态；瞬态；稳定性 The study of derrick conditions, detection ABSTEACT : Oil drilling rig is mainly used for oil and gas wells、broken rocks、debris removal、protection wall、cementing and completion、the formation of the oil 、flow passage, and other drilling operations. Drilling derrick as one of the important parts、in the long-term use、the removal、installation and transportation, and various defects caused by overloading and corrosion and other factors, makes the internal structure with a derrick an adverse change in thereby reducing the derrick the carrying capacity of the original design, together with its steel rods and more, under alternating load, working environment, not because of strength, fatigue, instability and destruction of more than in the actual work situation has occurred. With the continued expansion of domestic drilling rig type and scale of production continues to expand, in order to ensure their safety, working conditions on the rig derrick mechanical properties of different conditions and finite element analysis more and more important, has become a kind of R D trends. The topics to ZJ20-based oil rig in service as the main object of study, and mainly study the ZJ20 rig for stability of the mechanical characteristics. Derrick on the whole load in different working conditions of research and analysis, relying on classical mechanics, elasticity, the theory