高考英语 定语从句语法讲座（I） 新人教版.doc

定语从句语法讲座（I）一 概念 在复合句中，用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。其作用相当于形容词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 二 引导词 引导定语从句的关系代词有： that, which, who, whom, whose 三 关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose引导定语从句的用法。 1. A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 2. The fish that/which we bought was not fresh.3. ZhangHeng was a man that/who made the earliest seismograph in 132. 4. The professor that/who/whom you want to see has come. 5. This is the girl whose father is a teacher. 6. The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 7. The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. 8. The room in which there is a machine is a workshop. 四 关系代词that与which的专用场合； （一）指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，不用which： 1） 先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词；或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little，much ,both等修饰时： Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town? I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 2) 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词the first, the second, the last修饰时： This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. The first place (that) we’ll visit is the Great Wall. 3) 当先行词被the only，the very等表示唯一概念的词修饰修饰时： The only thing that matters is to find our way home. This is the very book (that) I’ve been looking for. 4) 先行词既有人又有物时： They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school. 5) 当主句是由who或which引导的特殊问句时，为避免重复，定语从句中常用that： Who is the man that is standing by the door? Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday? 6）当先行词为数词时，关系代词用that。 （二）有下列情形之一时，只能用which： 当引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词用which 当关系代词作介词的宾语并与介词一起置于定语从句前面 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that，另一个宜用which 当先行词为指物的代词that和those时，用which 当关系代词后面有插入语时，用which Here is the book which, as I have told you ,will help improve your English. 五that与who的一些特殊用法： 1）当先行词是anyone, those, he, she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that： Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here. Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 2) 当关系代词在定语从句中