初中英语定语从语法及考点归纳.doc

定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）通常皆放在它所修饰的名、代词之后，这种名、代词就叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词和关系副词。1.关系代词引导的定语从句 在下面几种情况下必须用关系代词that引导定语从句: (1) 先行词是不定代词all ,few, little, everthing ,nothing anything, none等。如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ (2) 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。如：This is the best movie I’ve ever seen.这是我看到过的最好的一部电影。 (3) 先行词被all, any ,every ,each, few, little, no ,some等修饰时。如：I have read all the books(that )you gave me.我读了你给我的所有的书。 (4) 先行词被the only , the every ,the same, the last 修饰时。如：He is the only person that I want to talk to .他就是我要谈话的那个人。 (5) 当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时。如：They are talking about thins and persons that they remembered.?他们在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人和事。 (6) 为避免重复，在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中。如：Who is the girl that is crying ?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？Which of the books that borrowed from the library is yours从图书馆借的哪一本书是你的？ (7) 用作关系代词，修饰表示时间的名词如day, time , moment 代替when 。如：It happened on the day that/when he was born这事碰巧发生在他出生的那天。 (8) 如果有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用which则另一个用that 。如：The country built up a factory which produced things that have never been seen before.这个国家建立了一个工厂，生产以前未曾见到过的东西。 (9) 主句以there be开头。如：This is a seat in the corner that is still free.那个角落还有个座位空着。 2. 限制性定语从句 (1) who引导的限制性定语从句关系代词who用于指人，通常在句中作主语。在非正式文体中，who可以代替whom在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，而且常常省略。在作介词宾语时，不能位于介词之后。如：A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.?医生是关照人们健康的人。Nobody who understands the subject would say such a thing.懂这一行的人是不会说这样的话的。The man who I saw is called Smith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。There’s no one works harder than you. 没有比你更用功的人了。(no one后省去了用作 主语的who) (2) whom引导的限制性定语从句The gentleman whom she encountered addressed her with courtesy.她相遇的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。I have just met a lady (whom) I saw last week.我刚遇到一位我上个星期见过的贵妇人。关系代词whom用于指人，是who的宾格形式，在从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语，常常省略。whom作介词宾语时，介词可位于whom之前或句末，在非正式文体中常位于句末；紧接介词的whom不能省略。He wanted to find someone with whom he could discuss books and music.他想找个能共同研讨书和音乐的人。This is the teacher (whom) we have talked about.?这就是我们谈论过的那个老师。 (3) whose引