蛹期土壤水分状对斜纹夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响.docVIP

蛹期土壤水分状况对斜纹夜蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响 摘要：蛹期土壤水分状况是影响斜纹夜蛾种群动态的一个重要因子。本试验在室内通过模拟试验研究了斜纹夜蛾蛹期的不同阶段土壤水分状况对其入土化蛹和羽化出土的影响，以及对出土成虫的后效应：对繁殖和存活的影响。结果表明不同的土壤相对含水量对斜纹夜蛾入土和化蛹的影响不大，但对其正常羽化出土率有显著影响，且随着土壤相对含水量的增加正常羽化出土率有下降的趋势。土壤相对含水量对斜纹夜蛾羽化出土影响最大的阶段是第3天。此外，土壤水分状况通过影响斜纹夜蛾的土中虫态而间接影响出土成虫的蛹期、存活力以及产卵，乃至下代卵的孵化，进而影响下代种群的发生。 关键词：斜纹夜蛾；土壤水分状况；化蛹；羽化；繁殖力 Effects of soil moisture during pupal stage on growing development and fecundity of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Abstract:Soil moisture during the pupal stage is a key factor of affecting dynamics of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Laboratory expeirment was conducted to study the effects of soil moisture on procedures of population and eclosion of S. litura in the soil, as well as the consequent performance of the adults after they came up out of the soil. The result showed that different relative moisture of soil did not affect entry and population of S. litura, but influences the eclosion and excavation significantly, and along with the increase of soil moisture there was a downward tread of the normal emergence rate of moth. In addition to the direct effect, soil moisture during the pupal stage also played a very important indirect role on the pupal stage, survival and oviposition of adults of S. litura after they came up out of soil, and even on egg hatching and other biological procedures of the next generation. Key words: Spodoptera litura; soil moisture; pupation; eclosion; fecundity 1 前言 斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura Fabricius )又称莲纹夜蛾、斜纹夜盗蛾，属鳞翅目，夜蛾科。斜纹夜蛾属于世界性农业害虫在热带和亚热带地区种群数量大，常年发生危害，给农业生产造成巨大经济损失。印度是斜纹夜蛾严重危害的国家之一，自1775年有斜纹夜蛾的记录以来，一直是蔬菜、棉花、烟草、花生、甘蔗等农作物上的毁灭性大害虫。印度南部花生由于受斜纹夜蛾的害减产70Nair，1986；Amin，1988；Panchbhavi等，1987；国内分布也甚为普遍虫源斜纹夜蛾，在 L:D=12:12，T为 27±1℃ 光照培养箱内用人工饲料(主要成分：大豆、麦麸、琼脂、维生素C、胆固醇、山梨酸、罗红素)饲养多代。0℃ 烘箱内烘干后称重，计算出各蛭石的饱和含水量(杨燕涛，2000)。 由公式(耿济囯，1991)：土壤饱和含水量={ (饱和时湿土重－干土重)／干土重} × 100%，可以计算出蛭石的饱和含水量；由公式：土壤相对含水量= (土壤绝对含水量／土壤饱和含水量) × 100%，可以求得不同相对含水量的蛭石配置时所加的水量。 2.4 土壤含水量的配置方法 取口径 8cm、高 12cm 的塑料杯（下同）若干，每杯装蛭石（烘干不含水）100g，