种植期与肥料对葛郁金根茎品质的探讨.doc

種植期與肥料對葛鬱金根莖品質的探討 Effect of Planting Date and Fertilizers on Qualities of Arrowroot（Maranta arundinacea L.）hizome 研究生：莊雅雯 Chuang,Ya-Wen 指導教授：古明萱Guu, Ming-Shaiun 【摘要】 葛鬱金根莖富含澱粉，用途極廣且具清涼解毒作用，為極適合本省南部栽植的保健作物。為探討影響根莖品質因子，本研究利用臺灣產葛鬱金進行試驗，試驗分三部分（一）比較不同作物澱粉的理化特性（二）不同種植月份與採收期對葛鬱金根莖品質的影響（三）肥料對葛鬱金根莖品質的影響，藉以明瞭葛鬱金根莖特性與品質變化。 澱粉顆粒形態因作物不同而有差異。根（塊）莖作物澱粉顆粒較禾穀類作物澱粉大；葛鬱金在根（塊）莖作物中直鏈澱粉含量最高，導致低糊化溫度、低黏度以及低膨潤力，僅次於馬鈴薯澱粉有較高的溶解度及最低糖化力。葛鬱金澱粉與稻米澱粉表現最高總氮含量與粗蛋白質含量。 葛鬱金3月、4月及5月種植的根莖鮮重、乾重、澱粉含量、粗纖維、糖化力、總氮及粗蛋白質含量均隨採收時間增加而增加。3月種植，粗纖維含量低、抗氧化活性高；4月種植，糖化力、澱粉含量高；5月種植，鮮重、乾重及澱粉含量高。三個種植月份粗蛋白質含量有顯著差異。在不同種植月份與採收時間對澱粉的膨潤力及溶解度並無顯著影響，三個種植月份均以第三次採收具有較佳的抗氧化活性。 台肥特43號複合肥料1號台肥特43號複合肥料1號The versatile charactersitics such as abundant in starch content and fresh cool in flavor for arrowroot rhizome brings the incentive to cultivate it in southern Taiwan. This research investigated the cultivation methods of Taiwan arrowroot rhizome. It comprised three experiments to explore the factors governing the quality and property of arrowroot rhizome. First, to compare the physical and chemical property in different starch crops. Second, to investigate the quality variations imposed to the arrowroot rhizome arised from the different planting month and harvest time. Last, to test the fertilizer effect on the quality of arrowroot rhizome. The starch granules shape differs significantly among starch crops, for example, in the rhizome crops starch granules and viscosity is larger than the cereal crops starch in size. The arrowroot has the highest amylose and lowest amylopectin starch and contents the lowest gelatinization temperature among the rhizome family. The swelling power of arrowroot increased with the rise of temperature. This leads to low gelatinization, viscosity and swelling power, but high solubility and low saccharifying power, which is second to the potato starch and superior than others. The arrowroot starch and the rice starch contain the highest total nitrogen and crude protein. The planting date with the har