高考英语近三年真语法精讲精练:专题4 名词性从句.docVIP

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高考英语近三年真语法精讲精练:专题4 名词性从句.doc

高考英语近三年真语法精讲精练:专题4 名词性从句

语法专题四 名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 考点一 whether 与if whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不能用if: 1.引导主语从句并在句首时。 Whether the meeting will be held tomorrow has not been decided yet. 2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。 We should discuss carefully the question whether we can finish it on time. 3.引导从句作介词宾语时。 It all depends on whether they will lend us the money. 4.从句后有“or not”时。 I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing. 5.后接动词不定式时。 I dont know whether to go to the party. 考点二 that,what与which 1.that 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,也没有任何含义;that 引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语(介词but,except,besides,in除外)。 That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主语从句,that不充当从句成分) He is a good student except that he is a little careless. 2.what引导名词性从句时,其意义为“……的人/物/数目等”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。作主语、宾语和表语时what可以分解成“定语从句的先行词+关系代词”,即常说的“先行词+that”。 Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.(what 指“……的数目”) You will know what side effect the medicine brings about.(作定语,意思为“什么样的”) He lives in what we call“spring city”.(表示“……的地方”) =He lives in the place that we call “spring city”. You dont know what good students they are.(表示“多么”,此为感叹句用于宾语从句中) 3.which 引导名词性从句,其意义为“哪一个”,可指人也可指物,是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语,且只能指物。 Tell me which book you like better,the red one or the blue one?I will buy the book which you choose for you. 4.A is to B what C is to D“A对于B 就像C对于D 一样”。 Air is to us what water is to fish.空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。 考点三 whoever,who与no matter who 1.whoever有两个作用,一是相当于anyone who,引导名词性从句,可以理解为who引导的定语从句修饰anyone,因此表达的主体为“任何人”;二是相当于no matter who,引导让步状语从句。 Whoever comes late should say sorry to our teacher.(是“人”应该道歉) 2.who引导名词性从句时,有疑问语气,突出表达“谁……”这一件事。引导定语从句时代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。 Who came late yesterday was unknown.(是“谁迟到”这件事不知道,而不是不认识这个人) 3.no matter who只引导让步状语从句。 No matter who you are,youre welcome here. 考点四 “疑问词+ ever”和“no matter+疑问词” 1.“疑问词+ever”可引导名词性从句,在从句中要充当一定的成分。还可引导让步状语从句。 Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. However lat

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