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的抽樣分配 8-* 抽樣誤差：Sampling Error 抽樣乃是用來計算樣本統計值，作為母體參數的估計值，因此，樣本統計值與母體參數值的差距，就是抽樣誤差。 By definition, sampling is used to calculate sample statistics which are estimates of population parameters. So there will always be a difference (usually an unknown difference) between the sample statistic and the population parameter. This difference is called sampling error. Examples: LO8-2 Define sampling error. 抽樣誤差：範例 p. 256 Sampling Error P.250 BB的例子，2013年6月房間出租數的資料為母體，請計算母體平均數，用Excel抽3組樣本，每組抽出5天，計算每組樣本的平均值，計算抽樣誤差。 解：N=30,n=5，共可抽30!/(5!25!)=142,506組樣本，可計算出142,506個樣本平均值，這些可做成次數分配（機率分配），而E(樣本平均數)＝母體平均值 因為樣本平均是母體平均的不偏估計式 μ= (0+2+3+…+3)/30 = 94/30 = 3.13 1st: 4,7,4,3,1 Mean = 19/5 = 3.8 樣本誤差= 3.8-3.13 = 0.67 2nd : 3,3,2,3,6 Mean = 17/5 = 3.4 樣本誤差= 3.4-3.13 = 0.27 3rd : 0,0,3,3,3 Mean = 1.8 樣本誤差 = -1.33 樣本平均數的抽樣分配 第8章 抽樣 8-* 樣本平均數的抽樣分配Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean 樣本平均數的抽樣分配是機率分配，包含在既定n（樣本數）下（由同一母體中抽樣之樣本），所有可能的樣本平均數值的機率分配。 The sampling distribution of the sample mean is a probability distribution consisting of all possible sample means of a given sample size selected from a population. 樣本平均數的抽樣分配可敘述/描繪抽樣誤差的機率分配（抽樣誤差也是隨機變數） The sampling distribution of the sample mean summarizes the probabilities of sampling error: LO8-3 Demonstrate the construction of a sampling distribution of the sample mean. 8-* 樣本平均數的抽樣分配的mean等於母體平均數 The mean of the distribution of sample means will be exactly equal to the population mean if we are able to select all possible samples of the same size from a given population. 抽樣分配的標準差：The Standard Error of the Mean: 所以，抽樣分配的離散度比母體分配小。 當樣本數目變大時，其標準差變小。 There will be less dispersion in the sampling distribution of the sample mean than in the population. As the sample size increases, the standard error of the mean decreases. LO8-3 樣本平均數的抽樣分配 Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean 8-* 樣本平均數的抽樣分配：範例 p.258Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean – Example Tartus企業有7名生產員工（可視為母體），他們的時薪資料如下：N=7