上海交通大学大学物理课件机械振动汇总.pptVIP

振动合成——拍 三.垂直方向同频率简谐振动的合成 1.分振动 x=A1cos(? t+? 1) y=A2cos(? t+? 2) 2.合运动 (1) 合运动一般是在 2A1 ( x向 )、2A2 ( y向 ) 范围内的一个椭圆 (2) 椭圆的性质 (方位、长短轴、左右旋 ) 在 A1 、A2确定之后, 主要决定于? ? = ? 2-? 1 三.垂直方向同频率简谐振动的合成 ?? = 5?/4 ?? = 3?/2 ?? = 7?/4 ?? = 0 ?? = ? ?? = ?/2 ?? = 3?/4 Q ?? = ?/4 P · . 注意：对?2 - ?1 = 0， ?，??/2等 特殊情形下的轨迹要熟记。 四.垂直方向不同频率简谐振动的合成 两分振动频率相差很小 ?? = (? 2-? 1) t + (? 2-? 1) 可看作两频率相等而位相差随ｔ缓慢变化 合运动轨迹将按上页图依次缓慢变化 轨迹称为李萨如图形 (Lissajous figures) ? x?? y=3?2 ? 2=0,? 1=?/4 y x A1 A2 o -A2 - A1 两振动的频率成整数比 不同频率垂直简谐振动的合成 （李萨如图） END ωx:ωy φy- φx=0 * * ENGINEERING:Keeping Swaying Bridges from Falling Down A review by Henry Petroski* In the Wake of Tacoma Suspension Bridges and the Quest for Aerodynamic StabilityRichard ScottASCE Press, Reston, VA, 2001. Paper, 314 pp. $69. ISBN 0-7844-0542-5. When the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was completed in July 1940, its 853-meter main span made it the third longest suspension bridge in the world. In comparison to its length, however, the bridge was not at all a very wide or deep structure. The area south of Seattle where it had been built was then very sparsely populated, and traffic projections had justified only a two-lane crossing. Also, in keeping with the aesthetics of long-span bridges during the late 1930s, the bridges deck structure was very shallow. To achieve the desired extremely slender appearance, the roadway rested on solid plate girders only 2.4 meters deep, a far cry from the 7.6-meter deep open trusswork that stiffens San Franciscos Golden Gate Bridge (completed in 1937). The consulting engineer for the state-of-the-art steel structure at the Tacoma Narrows was Leon Moissieff, whose deflection theory had guided the design of virtually every major suspension bridge built during the previous three decades. This theory, which provided a more accurate calculation of how loads were distributed among the various elements of the structure, enabled the construction of relatively lig