邱黯雄有关动物的哲学笔记.docVIP

有关动物的哲学笔记 邱黯雄 Qiu Anxiong 1889年1月3日，尼采在都灵的卡罗阿尔贝托广场看到一个马车夫鞭打一匹老马，他冲上去抱着马的脖子痛哭，然后昏倒，之后一个月他被确诊疯了。这个哲学家宣布上帝的死亡，也意味着宣判了人类的彻底背叛和堕落。’s neck, before promptly falling unconscious. A month later, he was diagnosed as insane. This philosopher’s declaration of the death of God also implied that humanity had completely rebelled and sunk into degeneracy. 在上帝创造的生命中，上帝最宠爱人，但是人因为获得智慧而堕落，被驱逐出伊甸园，这是个奇怪的悖论，人类与动物最根本的区别，不是身体的特征，相反可以说，人的身体特征恰好证明了人与动物的相似性，人与动物最大的区别是在于人的智力和精神优于动物。 那么人类在被逐出伊甸园之前，也就是吃下智慧之果前，是与动物一样没有智力的优越，也没有存在感，与万物无隔。没有存在感的存在是天堂的状态。人的智力造就了人类在地球上的绝对生存优势，但是这正是人类堕落的原因，精神上没有上帝眷顾的人必须独自面对茫茫宇宙的一切迷雾，所以尼采呼唤超人的出现，但超人作为上帝的替代品并未将人从奴役状态中解放出来，只是换了一种被奴役的方式，人从上帝的仆人变成了人自己的奴隶。 人只能依靠自身的存在感来赋予自身意义， 人类对世界的思考失去了上帝的支撑后， 存在感成为哲学家用以区别人与动物的一个重要依据。 因此可以说只有人类会堕落，动物是不会堕落的，因为动物在智力上是低劣的，最重要的是动物没有人类所独有的存在感，这存在感是也许正是上帝离去的原因。’s creation, God loved man the most, but because people had gained knowledge and fallen, they were cast out of the Garden of Eden. This is a strange paradox, as the greatest difference between man and animals is not in the characteristics of the body. To the contrary, man’s physical traits attest to his similarity to animals. The greatest difference between man and animals is that man’s intellect and spirit are greater than those of animals. So before man was cast out of the Garden of Eden, he had no intellectual advantage over animals, and no awareness of existence, just like all other things in the world. To exist without being aware of it is paradise. Man’s intellect forms his absolute advantage in the world, but it is also the cause of his fall. Without God’s tender loving care, man must face the mysteries of the universe alone. That is why Nietzsche called for the emergence of superman, but the replacement of God with superman does not liberate mankind from its state of slavery; it only changes the means of slavery, with people going from being servants of God to being slaves of themselves. Man must depend on his own awareness of existence to find meaning. Once mankind’s thinking ab