W2.ppt

Studies on Translated Texts/Versions译文研究 魏玉梅 内蒙古大学外国语学院英语系 Criteria of Translation: What is criterion? In the light of 《现代汉语词典（修订本）》(p.82) 标准是“衡量事物的准则”. Criterion is a standard for evaluating something. Q: What is the criterion for evaluating translation? Is there an exclusive standard? Traditional opinions in China: 1. Zhi Qian （支谦，25--220）: 2. Dao An（道安，314--385）: 3. Ma Jianzhong（马建忠，1845—1900） 4. Yan Fu:（严复，1854--1921）: 信、达、雅. Modern scholars also raised different criteria: 1. 译书自以能存真为第一要义……最好一面极力求不失愿意，一面要译文流畅。 ----郑振铎 2. 译者不但要求达意，而且要以传神为目的，译文必须忠实于原文之字神句气与言外之意。 ----林语堂 3. Liu Zhongde（刘重德） and Si Guo（思果）modified the three characters raised by Yan Fu respectively into: 信---信于内容，达---达于其分，切---切合风格 and 信、达、贴（贴切，译什么像什么）。 4. Fu Lei (傅雷） said the purpose of translation was to “achieve the ‘spirit’ of the original”（获致原作的精神）, then he added: 以效果而论，翻译应像临画一样，所求的不在形似，而是神似。 5. Qian Zhongshu/ Ch’ien Chung-shu (钱钟书) put forward the idea of “conversion” ( “化境”说), which aimed at “perfection”. It is really very difficult to translate huajing（化境） into English. Some people put it into sublimation, which means “出神入化”. The purpose of conversion is to achieve perfection (化的目的是为了达到完善). 6. Xu Yuanchong（许渊冲）proposes that the translation of poetry should not only be意美, but also be 音美 and 形美. So he raises Theory of Three Beauties. 7. Lin Yiliang: the translator should “achieve a kind of ‘spiritual harmony’” with the original author. common and more practical criterion faithfulness and smoothness (忠实、通顺) These two are basically required by all the exams concerning translation. E.g. TEM-4, TEM-8, etc. I. Procedures for translation criticism 1) Criticism--- 现代汉语词典 II. Translation criticism------------- 什么是翻译批评？ 1． 翻译批评，则是对这种转换活动（信息再现活动、语言转变活动、符号转换活动和内容传达活动）的合理程度和转换结果的等值程度作出评价。（许钧，1992） 2． 在基本上，翻译批评