chapter3word-formation资料.ppt

词类转换法 conversion functional shift derivation by zero suffix functional shift: concerned with usage only not with word-formation derivation by zero suffix: long and cumbersome; clarify only something minor, not crucial P70 3. illustrate the axiom, “The actual grammatical classification of any word is dependent upon its use.” The types of conversion noun → verb conversion (the most productive) verb → noun conversion adj. → verb conversion adj. → noun conversion other conversions noun → verb conversion Why is the conversion from noun to verb the most productive process of conversion? 1) a preponderance of nouns over verbs 2) there are only a few verb-forming affixes in English Major types under n. → v. conversion The workers canned apples. put apples in cans This room was floored with titles. cage birds The question certainly cornered me. He pocketed his wallet. (a) to put in/on N. They sheltered the orphans. give shelter to the orphans pills coated with sugar sugared pills The bottle is labeled poison. The child rose from the ground plastered over with yellow clay. (b) to give / provide N. Bill weeded the garden. cut off weeds in the garden core an apple peel an orange dust a cap (c) to remove N. John braked the car. stopped the car with a brake screw the two pieces together elbow one’s way through the crowd (d) to do sth. with N. She mothered the orphan. (human n.) looked after the orphan like a mother Tom parroted what the boss had said. (animal n.) repeat sth. like a parrot The police shadowed the suspected spy. ( inanimate n.) follow the spy closely like a shadow (e) to act as N. Please cash this cheque for me. change this cheque into cash We can group animals into several types. She was orphaned when her parents died in a plane crash. (f) to make / change sth. into N. Will your please mail the parcel?