chapter15vitamine资料.ppt

Chapter 15 Vitamines A vitamin is an organic compound required as a nutrient in tiny amounts by an organism. A compound is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet. The reasons for vitamin deficiency: (1) Shortage of resource (2) Reduced absorption (3) Increase requirements Classification of Vitamin, by successively finding time: Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Divided by the solubility: Water-soluble vitamins Fat-soluble vitamins 15.1 Fat-soluble vitamins Vitamine A 1. Source animals: liver, milk, meat and egg yolk, especially rich in the cod liver oil. plants: carrot, contain only vitamin A original, such as β-carotene. 2. The types of Vitamin: A 1 (a) Vitamin A2 (b) Yellow oil or mixture of crystalline and oil. unstable and easily be oxidized into no-active epoxy compound and further change into aldehyde and acid. Applications: agents often be made into oil solution whereas for storage it should be put in aluminum or other suitable container filled with nitrogen, sealed and preserved in cold and dark place. Identification: add chloroform solution of antimony trichloride in chloroform solution of sample give significant blue, then change into purple gradually. Vitamine D Source of vitamine D (1) Animals: cod liver oil, liver, egg yolk and milk. (2) Plants and yeast: containing ergot alcohol, transfer to vitamin D2 by ultraviolet radiation. (3) Human skin: containing 7 - dehydro cholesterol, transfer to vitamin D3 by ultraviolet radiation. All the Vitamin D are derivatives of sterol, there are at least 10 vitamine D were discovered currently,the most important of which is vitamin D2 and vitamin D3. Function and clinical usage: Vitamine D是一类抗佝偻病维生素的总称。Vitamine D2 and D3经过在肝脏和肾脏内两次羟化，代谢成生物活性较强的1α，25-二羟基维生素D2和D3，具有促进肠内钙磷的吸收，帮助骨骼钙化的作用。 Can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus so that help bone ca