钻井液工艺原理(参考答案).docVIP

课程号：0201171 《钻井液工艺原理》期末考试试卷（A） 考试形式：闭卷考试 考试时间：120分钟 班号 学号 姓名 得分 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 总分 得分 Note: All answers can be given either in English or Chinese! Please interpret the following definitions in detail(解释下列概念)（20 points，each 4 points） Main functions of the drilling fluids（钻井液的主要功能）: 答： Carry cuttings（携带岩屑） from beneath the bit, transport them up the annulus, and permit their separation at the surface; Suspend cuttings（悬浮岩屑） during when rotation of the pipe is stopped. Cool and clean the bit. Reduce friction between the drilling string and the sides of the hole. Maintain the stability（维护井壁稳定） of uncased（未下套管） sections of the borehole. Prevent the inflow of fluids-oil, gas, or water-from permeable rocks penetrated. Transfer hydraulic power to the downhole motor. Form a thin, low-permeability filter cake（泥饼） which seals pores and other openings in formations penetrated by the bit. Assist in the collection and interpretation of information available from drill cuttings, cores, and electrical logs. 答出其中4点即可。 The causes of the negative potential at the surface of clay mineral（粘土矿物表面带有负电荷的原因）: 答：同晶置换或晶格取代 Give concept and the description of mud cake and explain effect of the cake on driiling operation（泥饼的概念与描述方法及其对钻井作业的影响）。 答： The free water invade the formation, the solid stick on the wall of the borehole, forming mud cake.自由水渗入地层、固相附着井壁，形成泥饼 Hard, soft, tough, compact, loose，thin, thick硬，软，韧、致密、疏松、薄、厚等 泥饼薄而韧有利于降低失水，保护孔壁；厚而疏松则失水大，减小孔壁直径、引起压差卡钻，不利于孔壁稳定 The function of Na2CO3 and its mechanism（Na2CO3在钻井液中的作用及作用原理）： 答： Ca-粘土+Na2CO3 Na-粘土 + CaCO3 或，Na2CO3 +Ca2+ CaCO3 + 2Na+ Based on the structures of Mg(OH)2 and (MMH), explain why MMH sheet possesses postive charge（根据水镁石Mg(OH)2和正电胶结构，说明MMH晶片带有正电荷的原因。 答：MMH中由于高价的Al3+取代了部分低价的Mg2+，使得正电荷过剩，所以MMH晶片带有正电荷。 Density of drilling fluid and its effect on drilling operation, then give the design basis and adjustm