5.2 四分子分析.ppt

Tetrad Analysis（四分子分析） Analysis of all four products of a single meiosis. Producing an Ordered Tetrad MI Segregation Pattern MII Segregation Pattern Producing MII Segregation Patterns Genetic Analyses with Tetrads Genetic Analyses with Tetrads Producing MII Segregation Patterns Calculating Genetic Distances with Tetrad Analysis Page 184 (教材上册) Page 184 (教材上册) Page 184 (教材上册) Page 184 (教材上册) * Ascomycetes (子囊菌) Ascomycetes are fungi that form their meiotic progeny in a asci (ascus,子囊). This allows the products of meiosis (called a tetrad，四分子) to be recovered together. Some ascomycetes have order asci. Unordered Tetrad Ordered Tetrad 粗糙链孢霉 酿酒酵母 Our old friend, Neurospora Neurospora is a haploid organism that makes asci with 8 spores. Neurospora Life cycle 粗糙链孢霉 同时的  教材p70 一种能产生分生孢子的特殊真菌菌丝 植物生长的 N. crassa spores are formed by a single mitotic division after the completion of meiosis. The meiotic progeny of N. crassa form in a asci (ascus), but they are present in a linear order that reflects meiotic division. Ordered tetrads in Neurospora allow mapping relative to the centromere. 性细胞 Neurospora Meiosis This shows the process of meiosis in N. crassa. Remember that the duplicated chromosomes that are held together by the centromere segregate during the first meiotic division. Thus, a locus that is close to the centromere would often segregate during the first meiotic division. A first-division segregation pattern, MI No crossover between gene and centromere Crossover between gene and centromere A second-division segregation Pattern, M2 Recombination between the gene of interest and the centromere would produce second division segregation tetrads. 教材p180 的4种交换型 Tetrads produced by second division segregation are related to the distance from the centromere by this equation: R = (1/2 second-divison / total ) x 100% = cM Ordered Tetrads in Neurospora Allow Mapping Relative to the Centromere ? MII/total x 100% = cM Or a b a+ b+ X Cross