1：原核生物2015讲义.ppt

细胞核 nuclear body 核质体 原核无明显核，一反差弱的核区。 特点：无核膜、核仁、固定形态，结构简单，细胞分裂前核分裂。一般单倍体。 成分：DNA：环状双链，超线圈结构 功能：携带全部遗传信息的物质基础 细菌DNA—环状 和超螺旋状 Example of E. coli cell There are over 50 supercoiled domain in the E.coli chromosome. The total amount of DNA is about 4600 kb. If the total DNA is opened and linearized, it would be 1 mm in length. The the cell is only about 2-3 um long. So to package this much DNA into the cell requires that the DNA be highly supercoiled. Electron micrograph of an isolated nucleoid released from E.coli. 质粒——plasmid 很多细菌除核质体DNA外还含有较小的遗传物质-质粒 质粒呈环状，分子较 小，携带基因也少 质粒所携带的基因不 是生命必需基因，但 往