emerging infections PKU.pptVIP

One World, One Health What types of surveillance systems/regulation/oversight should there be for each factor listed below to identify, control and reduce emerging diseases? Demographics and behavior Environmental change and land use Changes in technology and industry International travel and commerce Breakdown of public health Antibiotic resistance Diseases from agricultural changes Junin hemorrhagic fever Oropouche fever Emerging diseases in developing countries * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * From 1980 to 1992 the death rate from infectious disease increased by 58% Mostly from new or re-emerging diseases By pathogen By origin Zoonoses, wildlife Zoonoses, non-wildlife Drug resistant pathogens Vector-borne pathogens Identify themes show specific examples Understanding concepts of disease emergence is more important than details of specific example Key element of microbial traffic model is it allows predictions Many developing countries in tropics Developing countries going through dramatic social changes in 20th century, with environmental consequences -higher biodiversity -new economic development -new needs for energy -rapid development of cities -political turmoil, post-colonialism Economic development: Changes in agriculture: Subsistence farming to large scale monoculture farming -Increase need for irrigation -Create standing water -Increase mosquito and parasite exposure -Reduce plant diversity -Alter rodent diversity -Increase rodent pop. Need for new energy Construction of dams -alters flow -displaces people -creates standing water -increases disease burden from parasites (schistosomiasis) “Disease Impact Statements” Rapid development of cities Movement from rural to urban Increased density of people Water and sanitation problems Re-emerging diseases, public health failures Emerging diseases in developed world Overuse of antibiotics Changes in agriculture Change in landscapes- suburbia Organ transplants Widespread distributio