具有抵偿面任意带高斯投影独立坐标系的建立研究.docVIP

具有抵偿面任意带高斯投影独立坐标系的建立研究 （1浙江省河海测绘院，浙江 杭州 310008；2河海大学 地球科学与工程学院，江苏 南京 210098 【摘要 【关键词 Study on the establishment of independent coordinate system for Gauss conformal projection with compensation plane ZENG Bao-qing1, WANG Ling-feng1, YUE Jian-ping2 1 Zhe Jiang Surveying Institute of Estuary and Cosat. Hangzhou 310008 Zhe Jiang, China; 2 School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, China Abstract: Length Projection deformation was easy to overrun in line control measurement of Tibetan Basin, how to control integrated projection distortion in the allowable range was an urgent problem to be solved, therefore, compensating surface and arbitrary zone of Gauss projection was selected by the principle of least squares to establish independent coordinate system to adapt to the test area in Tibetan region basin. The results show the elevation correction was the main deformation in the Reservoir basin, the elevation correction in the independent coordinate system was much less than the national standard 3 degree belt, and Gauss projection deformation was also significantly reduced, the comprehensive deformation of the test area was in accordance with the engineering measurement standard, and meet the whole basin projection deformation needs. Key words: gauss projection; offset surface; arbitrary zone; projection length distortion; independent coordinate system 1 引言 在进行地图投影时，长度变形是无法避免的，投影过程中地面实测边长归化到参考椭球面产生的变形叫高程归化改正，参考椭球面的边长归算到高斯平面发生的变形叫做高斯投影变形，控制地图投影长度变形就是削弱高程归化改正和高斯投影变形的综合影响，依据《工程测量规范》，平面控制网的坐标系选择应满足测区内每千米长度变形不大于2.5厘米。 西藏自治区各流域较低程度的综合规划制约了水利工程前期工作的开展，为满足人们对供水、发电、防洪等水利工程需求，为此启动了重点流域的综合规划编制工作。在流域线路控制测量过程中，投影长度变形很容易超限，如何控制综合长度变形在允许的范围内是急需解决的问题。因此，本文以藏区某流域为例，通过选取抵偿高程面及任意带高斯投影建立与测区相适应的独立坐标系，利用最小二乘原理求解抵偿投影面和新中央子午线，从而使得边长投影变形满足工程测量规范要求。 2 独立坐标系建立分析 地面实测边长投影到参考椭球面产生的高程归化改正为： （1） 式中：为地面测距边长；为测距边高出参考椭球面的平均大地高程；为测距边方向法截线曲率半径。由式可知，地面实测边长投影到参考椭球面其长度减小且与测距边平均大地高程成正比。 参考椭球面上边长归算到高斯平面产生的高斯投影变形为： （2） 式中：为归算到参考椭球面上的测距长度；为测距边两端点横坐标的平均值；为参考椭球面上测距边中点的平均曲