ITU-R BT.1790.docVIP

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BT.1790 Requirements for monitoring of broadcasting chains during operation (Questions ITU-R 44/6, ITU-R 48/6 and ITU-R 109/6) (2007) Scope This Recommendation describes broadcasters’ requirements for operational monitoring in digital broadcasting chains. Monitoring issues are first categorized into status monitoring and quality monitoring, and the requirements are itemized in each category. The ITU?Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that broadcasting chains are composed of contribution and distribution networks, production and post-production, and satellite and terrestrial emissions to the end-user; b) that the whole delivery chain is composed of a multiplicity of cascaded processing devices such as converters, encoders, switches, multiplexers, modulators, receivers, etc.; c) that digital audiovisual and audio services have rapidly developed based on advances in digital signal compression and communication technologies; d) that digital compression coding technologies have enabled the widespread growth of high-quality multichannel audiovisual services; e) that audiovisual signals after digital coding processing have different characteristics from those of conventional analogue signals; f) that the digitizing of broadcasting systems have made them more advanced and complex; g) that it has become difficult to manage the quality by conventional methods for monitoring or subjective evaluation, and has become necessary to develop new monitoring methods; h) that monitoring today is conducted mainly by human operators, but the increased functionality and complexity of digital broadcasting systems increase the need for automatic monitoring; j) that a unified approach for monitoring for every step in a broadcasting chain would facilitate the development of reliable, efficient and cost-effective monitoring systems for broadcasting chains; k) that broadcasters are seeking to provide guidance to equipment manufacturers on the operational moni