Basic Psychology Needed for Interface Design.ppt

User-Centered Design and Testing Basic Psychology Needed for Interface Design （自学） Contents 1 Human Processor Model 2 Vision 3 Memory 4 Processors 5 Attention 1 Human Processor Model Human Processor Model 2 Vision The Human Eye Photoreceptors Rods Sensitive to low light Saturated at moderate light intensity Darkened room into sunlight Edges of the retina Dominate peripheral vision Only one kind peak response in green wavelengths Photoreceptors Cones Operate in brighter light Three kinds: S hort , M edium , L ong S cones are very weak, centered in blue wavelengths M and L are more powerful, overlapping M centered in green, L in yellow fovea Signals from Photoreceptors Brightness M + L + rods Red-green difference L - M Blue-yellow difference Weighted sum of S, M, L Color Blindness Red-green color blindness L cones Blue-yellow color blindness M cones partial tritanopia Guideline: don’t depend solely on color distinctions Use redundant signals: brightness, location, shape Chromatic Aberration Different wavelengths focus differently Highly separated wavelengths red blue can’t be focused simultaneously Guideline: don’t use red-on-blue text It looks fuzzy and hurts to read Blue Details Are Hard to Resolve Fovea has no S cones Lens and aqueous humor turn yellow with age Lens weakens with age Guideline: don’t use blue against dark backgrounds where small details matter text! Fovea Has No Rods In scotopic conditions, peripheral vision rod-rich is better than foveal vision Easier to see a dim star if you don’t look directly at it Fovea Has No Rods Vision Perception Vision Perception Reading Reading speed is a measure of legibility Proportional spacing between lines:9 to 12 points Line length: 58 to 132mm Reading from a computer screen is slower than a book Careful design of textual interfaces Dark characters on a light screen negative contrast 3 Memory Human Memory Disagreement Separate systems or different functions of the same system. Short-term Sensory Sto