芥花籽油(英文版本).docVIP

Canola refers to a cultivar of either Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) or Field Mustard (Brassica campestris L. or Brassica Rapa var.). Its seeds are used to produce edible oil suitable for consumption by humans[1][2] and livestock.[3] The oil is also suitable for use as biodiesel. Originally, Canola was bred naturally from rapeseed in Canada by Keith Downey and Baldur R. Stefansson in the early 1970s,[4][5] but it has a very different nutritional profile in addition to much less erucic acid.[6] The name canola was derived from Canadian oil, low acid in 1978.[7][8] Genetically modified rapeseed is sometimes referred to as Rapeseed 00. A product known as LEAR (for low erucic acid rapeseed) derived from cross-breeding of multiple lines of Brassica juncea may also be referred to as canola oil and is considered safe for human consumption.[9] Contents 1 History 2 Production and trade 3 Canola oil 3.1 Health benefits 3.2 Erucic acid issues 3.3 Biodiesel 4 Genetic modification issues 4.1 Legal issues 5 See also 6 References 7 External links [edit] History Close up of rapeseed blooms Canola field in Temora, New South Wales Canola was developed through conventional plant breeding from rapeseed, an oilseed plant already used in ancient civilization as a fuel. The word “rape” in rapeseed comes from the Latin word “rapum,” meaning turnip. Turnip, rutabaga, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, mustard, and many other vegetables are related to the two natural canola varieties commonly grown, which are cultivars of Brassica napus and Brassica rapa. The change in name serves to distinguish it from natural rapeseed oil, which has much higher erucic acid content. Hundreds of years ago, rapeseed oil was used as a fuel in lamps in Asia and Europe. The Chinese and Indians used a form of rapeseed oil that was unrefined (natural).[10] Its use was limited until the development of steam power, when machinists found rapeseed oil clung to water- or steam-washed metal surfaces better than