Chapter 8 Quantities in Chemical Reactions.pptVIP

Chem 10 Chp 8 Stoichiometry Spr 08 Chapter 8Quantities inChemical Reactions Tro, 2nd ed. STOICHIOMETRY: SOME REVIEW The molar mass of an element is its atomic mass in grams. It contains 6.0221 x 1023 atoms (Avogadro’s number) of the element. The molar mass of an element or compound is the sum of the atomic masses of all its atoms. STOICHIOMETRY Consider the combustion of acetylene: 2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2(g) ? 4 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) 2 molecules 5 molecules 4 molecules 2 molecules 200 “ 500 “ 400 “ 200 “ 12x1023 31x1023 24x1023 12x1023 2 moles 5 moles 4 moles 2 moles Consider each of the formulas as molecules or moles Coefficients represent number of moles “Recipe” just like a cooking recipe: 2 cups of acetylene requires 5 cups of oxygen, etc. When we use the coefficients to relate the chemicals in an equation, we are doing STOICHIOMETRY STOICHIOMETRY 2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2(g) ? 4 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) EXAMPLE: If 6 moles of C2H2 are burned, then 15 moles of O2 are needed, 12 moles of CO2 are made and 6 moles of H2O are made How did we know? We used ratios. Practice with 0.102 moles of C2H2: 0.102 mol * 5 mol O2/2 mol C2H2 = 0.255 mol O2 0.102 mol * 4 mol CO2/2 mol C2H2 = 0.204 mol CO2 0.102 mol * 2 mol H2O/2 mol C2H2 = 0.102 mol H2O Introduction to Stoichiometry:The Mole-Ratio Method Stoichiometry: The area of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products. Mole Ratio: a ratio between the moles of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction. The coefficients used in mole ratio expressions are derived from the coefficients used in the balanced equation. The Mole-Ratio Method The mole ratio is used to convert the number of moles of one substance to the corresponding number of moles of another substance in a stoichiometry problem. The mole ratio is used in the solution of every type of st