英語语法(初中).docVIP

否定用法 一、用一般否定词not，否定了英语中的绝大多数句子。 1、对be动词的否定，在后面加上not。 He is not a student. 2、对谓语动词的否定，根据人称和时态在前面加上助动词don’t, doesn’t, didn’t。 ?? He didn’t watch TV last night. 3、对助动词的否定，在后面加上not。 ?? He has not been to Shanghai before. 4、对情态动词的否定：在后面加上not。具体情况如下： 否定形式 缩略形式 can/could can not/could not can’t/couldn’t may may not / must must not mustn’t need need not needn’t should should not shouldn’t will/would will not/would not won’t/wouldn’t ought ought not oughtn’t dare dare not daren’t used to used not to usedn’t to 5、对need, dare的否定：need和dare除了可以用作情态动词外，还可以用作普通的行为动词，即除了上表中的否定形式外，还有don’t need to和don’t dare to的否定形式。在实际运用中需注意。 6、对has/have 的否定：have在现在完成时中为助动词，其否定形式在后面加上not，作为“有”的意思，其否定形式也可以在后面加not，即hasn’t和haven’t，但该用法在课本中没有出现。所以，不管have作为什么意思，只要不是用作助动词构成现在完成时，其否定形式一律用don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have。 7、不定式的否定：在前面加上not。即：ask / tell /…sb not to do sth。 8、动名词的否定：在前面加上not。即：worry about not doing。 9、祈使句的否定：在句首加上Don’t。如有please，在please后面加上don’t。 Please don’t talk in class. 各种时态肯定句变否定句变化形式如下： 否定句 一般现在时 He likes apples. He doesn’t like apples. 一般过去时 He watched TV last night. He didn’t watch TV last night 一般将来时 He will go home by bus. He will not go home by bus 现在进行时 He is listening to the radio. He is not listening to the radio. 现在完成时 He has finished his homework. He has not finished his homework 过去进行时 He was doing his homework at this time yesterday evening. He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday evening. 过去完成时 He said he had finished his homework. He said he had not finished his homework. 过去将来时 He said he would go to Shanghai. He said he would not go to Shanghai. ☆特别提醒：肯定句变否定句有些词需作变动。 否定句 Some any and or too either already yet 二、通过绝对否定词否定。此类词如下： never, no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere, none, neither, neither…nor…, no more, no longer。 ☆特别提醒： 1、绝对否定词no相当于not…any…。 如no=not any, never=not ever, nothing=not anything, nowhere= not anywhere。 I have no money. = I don’t have any money. I could see nothing in the dark. = I couldn’t see anything in the dark. 2、