组织学与胚胎学内分泌系统详细资料.ppt

a. Capsule：CT b. parenchyma: endocrine cells arranged into nest, cord, cluster or follicle,secrete hormones c. interstitium: CT, rich in capillaries they lack excretory ducts. (3)内分泌细胞的分类 2. Thyroid(甲状腺) located in the anterior part of the neck ,immediately below the larynx (喉) . consists of two lateral lobes (侧叶)connected by an isthmus(峡部) . 来自胚胎甲状舌管，在第11w时，开始分泌甲状腺素。 Follicular epithelial cells: squamous(扁平) to low columnar(矮柱状) in shape, depending on the state of their activity; 具有双向分泌功能； synthesize and secrete the hormones thyroxine (T3, T4) ； 粗面内质网 高尔基复合体 碘化 溶酶体 氨基酸 甲状腺球蛋白前体 分泌颗粒 胶质 甲状腺素(T3,T4) Physiological effects of T3 and T4 stimulate the basal rate of metabolism（新陈代谢）. influence body growth and the excitability（兴奋）of nervous system. Secretion of T4 and T3 is under the control of TSH secreted by the anterior hypophysis (垂体前叶). Medical Application A diet low in iodine hinders the synthesis of thyroid hormones,causing hypothyroidism(甲状腺功能减退).Thyroid hypertrophy （肥大）as a result of increased thyrotropin（促甲状腺激素） secretion causes the disorder known as iodine deficiency goiter(甲状腺肿). Children who are hypothyroid are called cretins(呆小症); cretinism is characterized by arrested physical and mental development. Hyperthyroidism甲状腺机能亢进, which due to an immunologic dysfunction, Patients with Graves格雷夫斯病 disease exhibit decreased body weight, nervousness, eye protrusion, asthenia, and accelerated heart rate. Parafollicular cells(滤泡旁细胞)： located between the follicular cells and basal bamina; pale-staining and rounded or polygonal in shape; responsible for the production of calcitonin(降钙素), which lowers blood calcium level. Thyroid blood vessel (SEM) the dense network of capillaries arround each follicle is clearly shown 3.Parathyroid 甲状旁腺 oxyphil cells(嗜酸性细胞) chief cells(主细胞) 4. Adrenal