工业工程专业英B卷.docVIP

河南工程学院 2013 至 2014 学年第 一 学期 专业英语试卷B卷 适用班级：工业工程1141，工业工程1142 考试方式：闭卷 本试卷考试分数占学生总评成绩的 % 题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 总分 核分人 得分 复查总分 总复查人 Directions: There are 3 passages, Each passage is followed by some questions. You should decide on the best answer of these questions. （本题 30 分）一、Calculation questions EOQ model and A Service Application 1. CONSTANT DEMAND FORECAST AND ITS USE IN PLANNING One of the simplest models of demand is to use an estimate of the average demand. This average demand, assuming a constant rate each period, can then be used to understand the effect of production costs or transport costs on inventory levels. Such models are appropriate when we deal with products in situations with predictable demand, that is, low forecast error. In particular, we will focus on the impact of setup costs and their interaction with holding costs. Our focus in this section is on discussing use of a constant demand rate model in an economic order quantity (EOQ) model. This requires us to de?ne some of the costs that are important in understanding the impact of alternative decisions in an inventory system. 1.1. Inventory Costs There are two main inventory costs we focus on: （1） Holding or carrying costs: These costs, expressed as a cost per unit of inventory per unit of time, model the cost associated with storage facilities, handling, insurance, pilferage, obsolescence, opportunity cost of capital, and so on. （2） [1]Fixed ordering or setup costs: These costs are incurred each time an order is placed and model the costs to prepare the purchase or production order, costs associated with equipment setups, or costs associated with transportation (a single delivery truck). 1.2. An Inventory Policy [2]The context is the following: An inventory manager faces a constant demand rate that has to be satis?ed from inventory. Ordering costs entail a ?xed cost per order