初二英语能力训练专题讲座（一）——阅读技巧（三）北京实验版知识精讲.docVIP

初二英语能力训练专题讲座（一）——阅读技巧（三）北京实验版 【本讲教育信息】 一、教学内容： 能力训练专题讲座（一）——阅读技巧（三） 二、教学目标 培养学生在阅读过程中通过上下和自身固有的知识来推测生词的意思的能力；培养学生通过阅读文章，能够判断是非的能力。 三、教学难点 培养学生推断词义的能力 四、教学内容讲解： （一）猜测词义题： 1、题型分析： 在做阅读理解题时，常会遇到一些过去未曾见过的生词，这类生词的词义许多是可以上下文信息推断出来的，在一些文章中，有时作者在使用一个生词之后，会对该词的含义作一些解释说明；有时作者为了相反的两件事或人，会使用一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比；有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，还会使用同义词或近义词。 2、解题思路与技巧 能根据上、下文正确判断灵活变化的词义，才算是真正具备了一定的阅读能力，这种不使用词典而通过上、下文语境来认识生词的能力，是我们学生必备的能力。 一般来说，推测词义的题目中所出现的单词，绝大多数的词学生过去没有见过，这就需要我们在该词出现的不同的上下文中去搜索线索，通过上、下文，就能帮助我们初步断定该词在文中的真正含义。然后将这个释义带到文中，检查其释义是否贴切，所以，我们见到这种题型不要慌张，要将该词所出现的情景，根据上、下文仔细比较，从中得到该词的确切含义。 3、典型题例1 Go and watch the baby when he is asleep, see how his chest rises and falls, then rises and falls again. He does not know what he is doing, but he breathes as well as the oldest and cleverest man in the world. He began to breathe when he was born, and he will not stop until he dies, still he does it without thinking about it. See how long you can hold your breath. In some places men dive in the sea for pearls. They pick up shells that hold the pearls, and the longer they stay under water the more pearls they can find. For the reason（原因）they hold their breath for a long time. Watch do see how many times a man draws his breath every minute. Some men breathe fifteen times a minute. An elephant breathes only eight times. It was told that a mouse breathes a hundred and twenty times each minute. No one needs to tell us that what we breathe every minute of every day is air. It is around us everywhere, like wonder sea that we can not see. The word “It” in the last paragraph means . A. wonderful sea B. air C. a mouse D. an elephant 解析： 答案是B。 由最后一段可以得知“没有人告诉我们，我们每天每分钟呼吸的是空气”，“it”指代的就是前一句的“air”。 典型题例2 Australia nearly as large as the United States, but most of it is too dry for people to live in. Around this dry part are large sheep and cow farms. A few of them are as large as the smallest state（州）in America. Often the nearest neighbours are several hundred kilometres away. Th