thyroidantithyroid drugs-西安交通大学-Chapter 33 Thyroid amp; ....pptVIP

Chapter 33 Thyroid Antithyroid Drugs ●Synthesis of thyroid hormones Thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) tetraiodothyronine (T4, thyroxine) Materials iodine tyrosine Steps 1. Iodide is trapped by sodium-iodide symporter 2. Iodide is oxidized by thyroidal peroxidase to iodine 3. Tyrosine in thyroglobulin is iodinated and forms MIT DIT 4. Iodotyrosines condensation MIT+DIT→T3; DIT+DIT→T4 ●Physiological actions of thyroid hormones ●Mechanism of actions of thyroid hormones Radioactive iodine (131I) * Fig 1 Fig 2 ＊Thyroid follicles are the structural functional units of the thyroid gland. ＊ Each follicle is surround mainly by simple cuboidal epithelium and is filled with a colloid which mainly composed by thyroglobulin. ＊ Thyroid hormones are mainly synthesized in colloid while the simple cuboidal epithelium undertaking thyroglobulin production, iodide intake thyroid hormones release. Thioamide drugs MIT: monoiodotyrosine DIT: diiodotyrosine Intra-thyroidal synthesis and processing of thyroidal hormones Iodide is taken up at the basolateral cell membrane and transported to the apical membrane Polypeptide chains of Tg (thyroglobulin) are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and posttranslational modifications take place in the Golgi Newly formed Tg is transported to the cell surface in small apical vesicles (AV) Within the follicular lumen, iodide is activated and iodinates tyrosyl residues on Tg, producing fully iodinated Tg containing MIT, DIT, T4 and a small amount of T3 (organification and coupling), which is stored as colloid in the follicular lumen Upon TSH stimulation, villi at the apical membrane engulf the colloid and endocytose the iodinated Tg as either colloid droplets (CD) or small vesicles (MPV) Lysosomal proteolysis of the droplets or vesicles hydrolyzes Tg to release its iodinated amino acids and carbohydrates T4 and T3 are released into the circulation DIT and MIT are deiodinated, and the iodi