mputing Lecture 36.ppt

CS101 Introduction to ComputingLecture 36Data Management During the last lecture …(Intelligent Systems) We looked at the distinguishing features of intelligent systems w.r.t. other software systems We looked at the role of intelligent systems in scientific, business, consumer and other applications We discussed several techniques for designing intelligent systems (Artificial) Intelligent Systems SW programs or SW/HW systems designed to perform complex tasks employing strategies that mimic some aspect of human thought Not a Suitable Hammer for All Nails! if the nature of computations required in a task is not well understood or there are too many exceptions to the rules or known algorithms are too complex or inefficient then AI has the potential of offering an acceptable solution Selected Applications Games: Chess, SimCity Image recognition Medical diagnosis Robots Business intelligence Neural Networks (1) Original inspiration was the human brain; emphasis now on usefulness as a computational tool Genetic Algorithms (1) Based on Darwins evolutionary principle of ‘survival of the fittest’ GAs require the ability to recognize a good solution, but not how to get to that solution Rule-based Systems (1) Based on the principles of the logical reasoning ability of humans Fuzzy Logic (1) Based on the principles of the approximate reasoning faculty that humans use when faced with linguistic ambiguity The Right Technique Selection of the right AI technique requires intimate knowledge about the problem as well as the techniques under consideration Real problems may require a combination of techniques (AI and/or non-AI) for an optimal solution Three exciting areas areas of AI applications Robotics Automatic machines that perform various tasks that were previously done by humans Autonomous Web Agents (1) Computer program that performs various actions continuously, autonomously on behalf of their principal! Decision Support Systems Interactive software des