PIC单片机的步进电机控制系统设计.docVIP

内蒙大学学生毕业论文 论文题目： 基于PIC单片机的步进电机控制系统设计 学 院： 电子工程学院 年 级： 2003 专 业： 电子工程及其自动化 姓 名： 张力 学 号： 指导教师： 赵海 2007年 5 月 13日  摘要 步进电机是一种将数字信号直接转换成角位移或线位移的控制驱动元件，具有快速启动和停止的特点。其驱动速度和指令脉冲能严格同步，能实现正反转和平滑速度调节，因而被广泛应用于数模转换，速度控制和位置控制系统。但是步进电机的驱动信号往往还是由专门的模拟芯片控制器或者信号发生器产生，缺乏灵活性和可靠性。尤其在一些智能化要求较高的场合，用模拟芯片及信号发生器来控制步进电机有一定的局限。而利用单片机进行脉冲控制，控制精度高，外围电路也比较简单，因此在工业应用场合，基于单片机的步进电机控制器应用广泛。 本设计采用PIC系列单片机作为步进电机控制系统的核心，实现了软件与硬件相结合的控制方法。用软件代替脉冲分配器，达到了对步进电机的最佳控制。采用单极性驱动电路对小功率步进电机进行驱动，电路简单，实用性好。用LCD显示屏对步进电机的预设工作状态进行动态显示，直观、明了。 关键词 步进电机；PIC单片机；LCD Abstract Stepper motor is a control-driven component which directly convert digital signal to angular displacement or linear displacement, with a rapid start and stop characteristics． The driving velocity of the stepper motor are strictly synchronous with instructions pulse, and can achieve positive and negative rotation and smooth speed adjustment, so it is widely used in digital-to-analog converter, speed control and position control system． However, the driving signals of stepper motor are often generated by a special controller of analog chip or signal generator, it is lack of flexibility and reliability． Especially in some occasions of higher intelligence, using analog chips and signal generator to control the stepper motor has some limitations． Because of its single-chip high-precision pulse and relatively simple peripheral circuits, so stepper motor controllers based on single-chip are widely used in industrial applications． The design uses a PIC MCU as the core of stepper motor control system, and a control method of combination of software and hardware is realized． We choose software instead of the Pulse Distributor to achieve the best control of the stepper motor． Unipolar drive circuit is used for driving low-power stepper mo