毕业设计(论文)-D85推土机齿轮工艺及刀具设计.doc

摘 要 齿轮是机械系统中常用的一种传动零件，它可用来传递空间任意两轴间的运动和动力。它具有功率范围大、传动效率高、传动比较准确、使用寿命长、工作安全可靠等特点。当前，国际国内在汽车、拖拉机等行业的齿轮大批大量的生产中，常采用滚-剃-珩工艺。由于剃齿对齿轮齿形误差的修正能力有限，因此备用的剃前齿轮精度一般都不低于8级，剃前滚刀的精度一般制成A级，插齿刀的精度大都也制成A级。D85推土机齿轮有大小两个齿，根据该齿轮实际情况，大齿轮宜采用滚齿的加工方法，小齿轮采用插齿的加工方法，花键孔采用两次拉削的加工方法。齿轮滚刀是用于加工外啮合直齿齿轮和斜齿齿轮最常用的刀具，滚齿加工方法的生产效率比插齿、磨齿等加工方法高。剃前滚刀的主要作用是加工符合剃齿要求的剃前齿轮，由于剃前滚刀齿形的特殊要求，使剃前滚刀的设计比普通齿轮滚刀设计复杂得多，其设计效率低，周期长，计算工作量大，对设计者要求较高。拉刀也是机械加工中常用的一种刀具，拉削可加工内表面（如各种型孔、键槽、花键孔等）和外表面（如平面、半圆弧面和组合表面等）拉削加工效率高，精度高。花键孔加工宜采用两次拉削的方法，第一次采用梯形齿粗拉刀，第二次采用渐开线齿拉刀。 关键词：齿轮 工艺 加工方法 渐开线花键拉刀 剃前滚刀Abstract Gear is a kind of transmission part of mechanical system.It can be used to transfer motion and power of any two axis in space.It has characteristics of large power extension,highdrive,efficiency,longlife,safeandcredibility and so on.Nowadays,generating process,shaving process and lapping with corundum process are used in the manufacture of car gears and tractor gears.As gear shaving is limited in amend tooth error, precision of preshaving gear ususlly no less than eight level , precision of preshaving hob usually be made to A level , precision of pinion shaped cutter also be made to A level.The gear of D85 bulldozer has two gears.One is large and the other is small according to the actual situation.The large one ought to used the method of hobbing and the small one ought to used the method of shaping.The spline aperture ought to used the method of draw hole.Hob is one familiar reamer that used to processs spur gears and helical gears.The efficiency of hobbing is higher than shaping and lapping,the main function of preshaving hob is to process the preshaving gears,which complies with the requirements of shaving gears.Because of the especial requirement of gear form of preshaving hob The design of preshaving hob is more comples than common gear hob.The design method is inefficience，takes much time,and requires highly of designers.Drawwing reamer is a common reamer it can process a lot kind of surface ,and the spline hole