用重组RV病毒技术揭开神经回路的神秘面纱探究.doc

Revealing the secrets of neuronal circuits with recombinant rabies virus technology 用重组RV病毒技术揭开神经回路的神秘面纱 An understanding of how the brain processes information requires knowledge of the architecture of its underlying neuronal circuits, as well as insights into the relationship between architecture and physiological function. A range of sophisticated tools is needed to acquire this knowledge, and recombinant rabies virus (RABV) is becoming an increasingly important part of this essential toolbox. RABV has been recognized for years for its properties as a synapse-specific trans-neuronal tracer. A novel genetically modified variant now enables the investigation of specific monosynaptic connections. This technology, in combination with other genetic, physiological, optical, and computational tools, has enormous potential for the visualization of neuronal circuits, and for monitoring and manipulating their activity. Here we will summarize the latest developments in this fast moving field and provide a perspective for the use of this technology for the dissection of neuronal circuit structure and function in the normal and diseased brain. 理解大脑如何处理信息不仅需要知道大脑神经回路的结构，而且还需要了解其结构和生理功能之间的联系。因此我们需要借助一系列精细的工具去获取这些认识。重组狂犬病毒（RABV)正日益成为这一必需工具箱里的一个重要组成部分。多年以来，RABV因其突触特异性的跨神经元追踪特性受到重视。现在，一种新型的经过基因改造过的RV可以用来研究特异性的单突触连接，这一技术，与其他诸如遗传、生理、光学以及计算机技术相结合，在观察神经回路、检测和控制其活性方面拥有巨大的潜能。在此，我们将归纳这一快速推进领域的最新研究进展，并就这一技术如何用于剖析正常和疾病大脑中神经回路的结构和功能提出展望。 Introduction How does the brain process information, encode perception, and generate behavior? An answer to these questions requires a mechanistic understanding of the operation of the brains neural circuits. The operation of these neural circuits is determined by their structure, the physiological properties of the neuronal connections, and the integrative properties of the neurons. Thus, an understanding of the brains computations is inevitably linked to knowledge of the relationship between the structure of its neuronal circuits and their function (Licht