中国书法张烈艳调查报告.ppt

* * * Simplified Chinese 简体中文 Traditional Chinese 繁体中文 · 1 Definition and classification 种类 2 Evolution演变 and styles 3 Materials and tools Brush Paper Ink and inkstick墨 Inkstone seal and seal paste 4 Technique: principles 5 Evaluation and appreciation 7 Influences Definition and classification Names The local name for calligraphy is Shūfǎ 書法 in China, literally the way/method/law of writing; The calligraphy of Chinese characters is an important and appreciated aspect of Chinese culture. Chinese calligraphy is normally regarded as one of the arts (Chinese 藝術 pinyin: yìshù) in the countries where it is practiced. As an art Calligraphy is also considered an art － 藝術/艺术 Chinese: yìshù, a relatively recent word meaning art,where works are appreciated more or only for their aesthetic qualities审美特质. Evolution and styles Ancient China Chinese characters can be retraced to 4000 BC signs . The contemporary Chinese characters set principles were already visible in ancient Chinas Jiǎgǔwén characters carved on ox scapulas 牛肩胛andtortoise plastrons 龟甲around 14th - 11th century BCE . Brush-written examples decay衰退 over time and have not survived. During the divination ceremony占卜仪式, after the cracks were made, characters were written with a brush on the shell or bone to be later carved. With the development ofJīnwén (Bronzeware script) and Dàzhuàn (Large Seal Script) cursive signs continued. Moreover, each archaic古代的 kingdom of current China had its own set of characters. In Imperial 帝国的China, the graphs 图表on old steles 石碑— some dating from 200 BC, and in Xiaozhuan style — are still accessible. In about 220 BC, the emperor Qin Shi Huang, the first to conquer the entire Chinese basin, imposed several reforms, among them Li Sis character unification, which created a set of 3300 standardized Xiǎozhuàn characters. Despite the fact that the main writing implement of the time was already the brush, little paper survives from this period, and the main examples