虚拟语气解剖.ppt

Chapter Eleven The Verb—the The Subjunctive Mood （III） 11.0 概述 11.1 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 11.1.1 在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的一般表示方法 11.1.2 虚拟语气应用中应该注意的几个问题 11.2 从句中的虚拟语气 11.2.1 宾语从句 11.2.2 同位语从句或表语从句 11.2.3 主语从句 11.2.4．状语从句 11.2.5 wish后面的宾语从句 11.2.6 其他情况 11.0 概述 和时态，语态一样，语气（Mood） 也是谓语动词的一种形式，表明说话的目的和意图。英语中有四种语气： 陈述语气：The Indicative Mood 疑问语气：The Interrogative Mood 祈使语气：The Imperative Mood 虚拟语气：The Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气是用来表示主观愿望和假想的虚拟情况，又称为Thought Mood。 1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask) 2. What do you think would happen if there ___ no light during the days? (be) 3. If there _____ no electricity in the future, our life _____ a lot. (be, change) 4. If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday, he _____ her from going. (be, prevent) 11.1 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 11.1.1在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的一般表示方法 非真实条件句可能指的是过去、现在和将来的情况。不管它指的是什么时间，它总是表示与事实相反的一种设想，可以分为三种情况： （1）与现在情况相反。在条件句中用过去时，be动词用were，在主句中用 would/should+动词原形。 If I were you，I would go there． If he came with us，we should feel much better． （2）与将来情况相反。在条件句中用should+动词原形，或用were to+动词原形或用过去时，在主句中用should/would+动词原形。 If the sun should cease to give heat，the air would slowly cool off． If I were to see my wife who died a few years ago，I would tell her what a life we are living now． If we missed the train，we should have to wait an hour at the station． 在条件句中，should+动词原形、过去时和were to+动词原形三种形式都可以表示虚拟语气，但在虚拟程度上不同。 If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go． If it rained tomorrow，we would not go． If It were to rain tomorrow，we would not go． 上面三个例句中条件句的虚拟程度，即“下雨”的不可能性依次加重。 （3）与过去情况相反。条件句中用过去完成时，主句中用should/would＋have+过去分词的形式。 If I had had time yesterday，I would have repaired the pump． If you had asked me，I would have told you the whole story． If I had met him，I would have spoken to him． 11.1.2 虚拟语气应用中应该注意的几个问题 （1）在主句中，我们可用could，might来取代should和would。 If I had another 500 yuan，I could buy a car． If you asked me nicely，I might take you